| Under the condition of modern credit money,a unified and stable monetary system plays a very important role in the stability and development of economy.The role of RMB is the product of the national sovereignty of People’s Republic of China(PRC).On the one hand,it can consolidate the independence of the people’s government.On the other hand,it can stabilize the social and economic order and lay the foundation for the establishment of a new financial system in PRC.At present,the academic researches on the monetary unification after the founding of the PRC mainly focus on the national large-scale research,few specific studies on regional monetary unification related issues.In terms of the content of the research,most of them simply describe the measures of RMB unified market,and do not combine the specific content of the unified currency with the specific measures to stabilize the value of the currency to carry out in-depth discussion.Chongqing,one of the country’s major industrial and commercial cities,was one of the last cities to be liberated and the last place where the Kuomintang(KMT)fought a final battle on the mainland.As the center of the city,Chongqing has played a leading role in the stability and development of the whole city.The economic stability of Chongqing is of great significance to the whole country,especially the southwest region.Taking Chongqing as the research object,this paper reviews the specific process of unifying the currency,discusses the specific measures taken by Chongqing People’s government to control inflation and stabilize the currency value,finally summarizes the experience,deeply analyzes the internal reasons behind the successful implementation of the policy,and explains the trust of Chongqing people in the national power behind the currency and the recognition of the governance ability of the government.During the War of Liberation,the People’s Government of North China formally established the People’s Bank of China,issuing RMB and gradually spreading it in the old and new liberated areas.After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War,a large number of funds flowed to the east and the phenomenon of "banknote shortage" and "discount" was serious in the market.Gold speculation was prevalent in the financial market and led to the "gold wave",which seriously affected the financial order of Chongqing and the monetary system of the KMT-Ruled Area.At this time,the currency in the Chongqing market was in disorder,with serious inflation,sharp devaluation of paper money,and chaos in the currency market,which accelerated the collapse of the KMT-Ruled Area.At the Second Plenary Session of the seventh Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee before the founding of PRC,the CPC made a decision to shift the focus of its work from the countryside to the cities.After the liberation of Chongqing,to rectify the financial order of Chongqing became the top priority.Therefore,Chongqing People’s Government established Chongqing Financial and Economic Takeover Committee with Finance Department under it,and set up Chongqing Branch of People’s Bank,which laid the foundation for the follow-up work.At the same time,faced with the mixed market situation in Chongqing,the people’s government called on the industrial and commercial operators to resume their business as soon as possible,jointly maintain the trading order,and popularized the RMB to the society in various ways to make full preparations for currency unification.When the time was ripe,the People’s government and the People’s Bank cooperated and took various measures to promote RMB in Chongqing.First of all,a decree was issued to determine the status of RMB as the only legal currency,and all currencies issued by the KMT government were prohibited from circulating and exchanging into silver dollar bonds and foreign currencies,so as to solve the debt and debt problems of silver dollar bonds left over and provide favorable conditions for maintaining the stability of Chongqing trading market.Secondly,it carried out the activities of banning silver,outlawed gold and silver transactions and banned the circulation of silver dollars,cracked down on silver dollar speculation,drove gold and silver transactions into the black market,and made the silver dollar price out of line with the price.The activity of "holding coins and rejecting silver" is set off throughout the city to change people’s thoughts about heavy and light coins and further establish currency trust.Through a series of measures,Chongqing People’s Government basically eliminated the silver dollar coupons,foreign currencies and silver dollars circulating in Chongqing urban area,and established the only legal status of RMB.The unification activity of RMB must be accompanied by the control of inflation and the stabilization of the currency,because only the currency is stable RMB can be accepted by Chongqing citizens.At the beginning of Chongqing’s liberation,the market price fluctuated violently,and the instability of the currency value was not conducive to the establishment of RMB credit system.Chongqing People’s Government must take a series of measures to control inflation and stabilize the value of the currency.The people’s government adjusts taxes and balances fiscal revenue;To increase the power of state companies,and to seize and unload goods in time to ensure supplies.At the same time,it adheres to the development policy of "developing production,thriving economy,balancing labor and capital,balancing public and private,mutual assistance between urban and rural areas,and internal and external exchanges",encourages private industry and commerce to the countryside,promotes the sale of industrial products to the countryside and agricultural products,communicates urban and rural areas,promotes the exchange of materials between urban and rural areas,alleviates the situation of urban overcapacity and inflation,and also promotes RMB to the countryside.Further expanded the scope of RMB circulation.In view of the huge amount of hot money in Chongqing society,the people’s government has implemented a variety of measures to absorb hot money and withdraw money.First of all,in Chongqing city to sell people’s victory discounted bonds,encourage the people to buy;Secondly,cooperate with the People’s Bank to develop saves and call on the people to participate in saves.In addition,in order to further absorb the funds of all units,cash management policy was implemented according to the provisions of the central government.The cash of all enterprises,organs and armed forces was uniformly managed and centrally distributed by the People’s Bank of China,which greatly concentrated the funds of all units and achieved the purpose of withdrawing currency and reducing the free capital of the society.Chongqing People’s Government adopted a combination of measures to relieve the crisis of urban inflation and build people’s confidence in the currency within the Chongqing city.All transactions are conducted in RMB.At the beginning of 1951,under the governance of the people’s government,Chongqing realized the unification of the currency system within the urban area,achieving the purpose of the good money drives out the bad money.Moreover,inflation has been successfully controlled,market prices have been stable,and orderly currency circulation has been realized,forming a benign circle,which has created sufficient political and economic conditions for RMB to be sent to the countryside,and also laid a solid foundation for promoting national economic development and accelerating economic planning.The process of establishing a unified RMB market reflects the CPC’s people-centered nature as a Marxist political party,the advanced nature of the national governance system and the powerful ability of social governance. |
PDF Full Text Request