A Study Of Currency System And Related Questions In Two-Han Dynasty

The currency question in Two-Han Dynasty, which has received multitudinous scholars'high attention for a long time, is an important research topic of the Qin and Han Dynasty, and the research results are very rich. The author has discovered at least two insufficiencies while combing many senior scholars'research results concerning currency question of Two-Han Dynasty. First, In the research area of currency question in Two-Han Dynasty, there still exists many disputing questions, so it has certain excavation space. For example, the reason and the appraisal of Han Wendi's "Let the people make coins" are worth further research, the majority hold the negative attitude to Han Wendi's actions and neglect its positive influence; Compare with the research of Xi-Han Dynasty, "The small quantity and the low quality" is a characteristic of the research in Dong-Han Dynasty, and the research results concerning the currency question of Dong-Han Dynasty are much less; While elaborating the changing process of the currency system in Dong-Han Dynasty, all the scholars basically discussed it roughly. In addition, the leading shape about currency in Dong-Han Dynasty is always an arguing focal point. Second, the majority scholars separated the currency system and the currency thought on purpose while studying the currency question of Two-Han Dynasty, which made the knowledge structure lack of integrity. Under the lead of historical materialism and dialectical materialism and fully profiting from the senior scholars'research results, I use literature and archaeological materials, trying to get money thought into the transformation process of monetary system, to make a research of Two-Han Dynasty's monetary system and related issues, Particularly on some controversial issues and weak links, I will try to make it full of conviction and try to make some breakthroughs.This thesis includes foreword, body and concluding remarks.In the foreword, I mainly made a brief review and comment about the main academic research achievements concerning Two-Han-Dynasty's currency questions, at the same time, I simply introduced the origin, the significance and the research attempt of the thesis.The body consists of three main parts :In the first part, the evolution of monetary system in Xi -Han Dynasty and related issues were discussed. Han Gaozhu's"Let people make coin"opened the prologue that a lot of people made coins freely. Subsequently, through the efforts of several generations and at a certain price in history, Han Wudi finally re-established a national unified monetary system, making"Emperors cast coin" orthodoxy thought of China's feudal society. In the currency thinking, advocating the central government have the right to coin money was the mainstream thought in early and middle Xi-Han Dynasty, and the representatives were Jia Yi, Jia shan, Chao Cuo and Song hongyang and so on.. In the late stage of Xi-Han Dynasty,"Wu Zhu Money system"was impacted by the thought of material currency because of the increasingly acute contradictions, and Gongyu made a suggestion of abolishing the metal currency.In the second part, I mainly analysised the process of Wang Mang's four currency system reforms and their characteristics and the reasons for failure. Facing social reality such as the political darkness, decadence, serious Land annexation, expensive commercial goods. Class conflicts and political crisis, He attempted to use the way of"Tuo Gu Gai Zhi"to save the social crisis. In its series of reforms, Currency reform was the most frequent, that is, in less than 10 years, He carried on the currency reform four times. But Wang Mang's currency reform fundamentally broke the general law of currency's development, therefore, the reform did not get the expected effect, Instead, it worsened socio-economic and made the class contradictions more acute. Meanwhile, Wang Mang also launched the war to the neighboring minority. So the failure of currency reform in this environment is inevitable.In the third part, I focused on the analysis of the dominant form of Dong-Han Dynasty and its relevant problems. In Dong-Han Dynasty,"Wu Zhu Money system"had been recovered and casting coins continuously Remained, However, its currency economic was relative declining. Therefore, in fact, Dong-Han Dynasty belonged to the period when metal money such as copper and material money such as cloth were both used. Meanwhile, I made an attempt to study the causes of the material currency's rejuvenation in Dong-Han Dynasty physical, and I think there are three reasons: First, the influence of Small peasants'economic thought; Second, the result of Money law's extremely wickedness; Third, the developing country economy in Dong-Han Dynasty. Concerning its currency thought, Zhang Lin proposed "abolishing the money and using the cloth", Liu Tao opposed the theory of "casts the great money", Xun Yue adhered to the theory of "using the money."In the part of the conclusion, I made a brief synthesis and induction of the whole thesis.