The Research For International Currency Circulation Of Warring States Period

In Warring States period, commodity economy development was the first peak in Chinese history. The international currency circulation is important in the human's live in Warring States. This research is to further in-depth study of the Warring States currency is an important component; both the build of the currency circulation theory and the interpretation for currency in archaeological discoveries of the Warring States have an important significance.The reasons of international currency circulation of Warring States include: Geography, productivity, social structure, ideology, population, life needs, and so on. Geographical differences caused by different agricultural products and mines. Uneven development of productive forces and the basis of geographical differences demand the international flow of real money. The whole development of commodity economy makes the currency of international universal. Unbalanced development of commodity economy has to show diversity of currencies. Residential patterns of different sectors provide different levels of consumer markets for the international flow of money. The liberation of ideas further promoted the international business development. Growth of population protected commodity production, trade and consumption in international trade. The diversity of life needs in different sectors make the international monetary flows become more popular. Through the analysis of the above factors, we can be found the external merchandise trade endowments and necessity in nations. The International currency circulation is arising by the external merchandise trade necessity.The circulation currency can be origin from the Neolithic, include the Neolithic Age to the Sovereigns and Five Emperors period, three generations of three stages and the Spring and Autumn period to Warring States. There was appearing general equivalent of commodities gradually during the first period, such as shells, beads, jade, livestock, etc. In the second period, the general equivalent of commodities becomes more clear and fixed. There was arising the concept of buying and selling. But, people were still not very clear on the concept about the monetary value. The third period is the peak of the circulation currency. The international flow of money is universal and diversity. In Warring States period, different economic levels and different economic model in countries are not the same monetary standard. In the Central Plains the grain and copper are the monetary standard. While, the remote areas, using locally produced mainly, that in the Central Plains have greater market potential of products for the monetary standard. The currencies in international circulation, divided into four categories: gems, gold, bronze coins and commodity money. Eventually come to these currencies during the Warring States period in the international monetary circulation plays a different role. Gems and gold were used in block transactions and remote transactions mainly, but the gold in the growing role of international circulation strengthened, while the gems are the gradual decline and withdrawal from circulation finally; bronze coins has involved the international circulation by impact-oriented of the country economic strength and driven by the currency symbol. They were used in short-range small-volume trade between neighboring countries mainly. Commodity money as a product of unbalanced economic development has involved in the international currencies circulation too. And they as a role for short-range small-volume trade between neighboring countries mainly, but its role is weaker than the bronze coins.Many factors that affecting the international currency circulation in Warring States period. The factors include: the decrees and regulations, the currencies own reasons, the commodity economy, the system of business managed by officials and the changes of political landscape. Because of the government controls and decrees and regulations, the international currencies circulation of Warring States had a certain stage and timeliness. Currency in international circulation to the value over time and geographical changes fluctuate more to promote the circulation of the currency of international norms and symbolic. The differences of currencies led their development to diverse future. But as a result of the imbalance of economic development, diversity currencies were existed for long-range in international currencies circulation. The development of commodity economy in the international flow of different currencies has a different trend. The domestic borrowing relationship is rise. So, it is possibility for international flow of money in Warring States. The system of business managed by officials will change the direction of the international flow of money, when it improving the circulation. The changes of political landscape lead international flow of money to death, after a short time flourish.In short, the international currencies circulation is a very common phenomenon in the Warring States Period. Various currencies in the demand of the diversely stimulated for money in the currency circulation systems had different roles and derived. As a result of the Qin unified the Warring States, the international currencies circulation will eventually go dead. And under the new unified situation, it will be replaced by domestic trade.