| In German Ideology,Marx and his comrades "liquidated" their "previous philosophical beliefs" With "find out the problem yourself" as the ultimate goal,a series of out-of-date philosophical views have been very sharply criticized.Although this is an unfinished manuscript,it has not been published the death of Marx and Engels,but it contains a lot of rich ideological content.German Ideology ccontains many Marx and Engels’ views and opinions on the natural world,and explains the profound and systematic new materialist view of nature,which has profound theoretical and practical value.Based on the classic texts of Marx and Engels,this article takes the view of nature as the starting point,and expands into four parts:The first chapter traces the main features of Marx’s view of nature before the writing of German Ideology.Taking Marx’s Doctoral Dissertation,the Jewish Question and the Manuscript of Economics and Philosophy in 1844 as the main objects of analysis,respectively summarizes the view of "finite nature",the view of nature formed under the rule of "wealth" and the view of "humanized nature".Through systematic combing,this paper clarifies the development track of Marx’s view of nature,and provides an ideological background for the discussion of the new materialist view of nature in the German Ideology.The second chapter is the key chapter of this article,it mainly introduces Marx and Engels’ narration and criticism of various German views on nature in the 19 th century.Hegel’s view of nature has dual attributes,which is characterized by both "dialectical" and "idealism";Although the young Hegelians’ view of nature represented by Feuerbach,Bu Powell and Stiner is "extraordinarily colorful",they are actually "sordid vendors selling lowly metaphysical products";There are also "various" German "socialist prophets" view of nature,such as Helmann Zimmerich thinks that "only natural things are real things",Rudolf Matteri thinks that people and society are the "mirror" of nature,and so on.The third chapter is also the key chapter of this article,explaining and presenting the new materialist view of nature constructed by Marx and Engels in the process of criticism.Firstly,it analyzes the epistemological premise of the new materialist view of nature in German Ideology,and discusses from three dimensions of the "subject position" of human and the "priority position" of external nature,practice and division of labor;Then it analyzes the dialectical unity of the relationship between man and nature in German Ideology from three perspectives: he ability of man to be moved in front of the natural interface,the active creativity of man in nature,the identity of the relationship between man and nature.Finally,it discusses the historical development of the relationship between man and nature in German Ideology from three aspects: the essence of the relationship between man and nature,the source of alienation and the path to reconciliation.The fourth chapter introduces the development and practice of Marx and Engels’ view of nature in the later period of German Ideology.this article focuses on the further enrichment of the view of nature elaborated in German Ideology by Dialectics of Nature,Das Kapital and their manuscripts,and on this basis,makes a brief analysis of the core content of Marx’s view of nature in this period.In the new historical period,Marx’s view of nature has been questioned,and the theory of Chinese practice and ecological Marxism responds positively from two aspects.The research value of this article is mainly reflected in the systematic review of Marx and Engels’ classical texts,systematically combing Marx and Engels in the critical process of the construction of the new materialist view of nature,show the different ways of understanding the natural world from both positive and negative aspects,thereby strengthening the scientific nature of Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization. |
