The Origin And Evolution Of The Role Expectation Of Newspapers In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

Since the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,the "Monthly Chronicles and Biographies of Censecularity",founded in August1815,opened the source of modern newspapers in China.From then on,the newspaper industry began to develop unevenly in China,and the emerging group of newspaper writers gradually became active on the historical stage.As a new social group,newspaper writers have conducted tortuous explorations on the role they will play,how to play that role well,and how to better adapt to social reality.The main body of this article consists of three parts.The first part will sort out the early generation of newspaper reporters before 1898,exploring the role expectations of newspaper reporters at this time.At this time,the role expectations of newspaper reporters have shifted from "chaos" to "sprouting".The role expectations of early journalists were relatively chaotic,and they did not have a high level of identification with the newspaper industry.They wanted to leave the newspaper industry whenever they had the opportunity.They did not identify with their identity as reporters and did not generate any expectations for their role as reporters;The role expectation of reporters began to sprout from Chen Aiting and Wang Tao,who began to explore the qualities and behaviors that journalists should possess;During the periods of Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao,they began to use journalists to promote the idea of improvement,deepening the depth and breadth of their behavior.The second part introduces the role expectations of journalists from the Wuxu Reform to the reporting of the Guichou disaster.At this time,the role expectations of journalists shifted from "development" to "glory".Reformists,revolutionaries,and private journalists were constantly exploring their respective fields.At this time,Liang Qichao expected reporters to "run newspapers by historians",Chen Duxiu expected reporters to become the "fourth class" of society,and Di Chuqing expected "reform of the newspaper industry",They worked together to continuously enhance the professionalism of newspapers,improve the role norms of journalists,and gradually elevate their social status to the pinnacle.After the establishment of the Republic of China,the social role expectations of journalists were maximized-the supervision of the government by journalists began to become a consensus among the whole society.The third part is from the Kuichou disaster reporting to the May Fourth Movement,when the role expectation of the early reporters was "partially destroyed",but there was also "rebirth" in the "destruction".After the Kuichou disaster reporting,the survival situation of the reporters became narrow instantly,and the reporters went from the free "era of political commentary" to the silent "era of news standard".At this time,the reporters began to return to the news itself,put forward "self independence",and started news research on the one hand,After the May 4th New Culture Movement,the CPC party newspaper began to appear,facing the call of warlord tyranny-to use newspapers to serve workers and peasants,and to use newspapers to unite workers and peasants in class struggle.The role expectation of the CPC party newspaper reporter was the "rebirth" of the role expectation of the newspaper reporter.The role expectation of a journalist experienced a process of chaos,germination,glory,destruction,transformation,and rebirth in the late Qing and early Republic of China.