A Study On The Construction Of The Same Element And Different Order In The Late Qing Dynasty And The Early Republic Of China

At the end of Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic,it was in the transitional period from early Mandarin to the modern Chinese.The phenomenon of language was rich and colorful,showing a clear transitional and epochal nature.The development of Chinese language during this period was gradual and slow.There were many forms of coexistence of old and new forms.The vernacular language in this period was a very important stage in the history of Chinese language development.The main practice of vernacular language was dominated by large-scale vernacular newspapers.There were hundreds of vernacular newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,in which the language is easy to understand and the corpus is worth studying.It really has important theoretical value for the study which focuses on the language appearance and the history of Chinese language in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.In this paper,fifty kinds of vernacular newspapers,such as “the Chinese vernacular newspaper” and “the Beijing dialect newspaper” are selected as the sources of materials,investigating this Inverse Morphemes grammar phenomenon in detail and in depth.We refer to the DCG theory and call it the Inverse Morphemes construction that refers to a disordered configuration consisting of identical morphemes.This dissertation makes a systematic and in-depth study of its synchronic appearance and diachronic evolution.At the same time,it explains the causes of the formation,and probes into inverse morphemes construction and the compilation of dictionaries.In addition to the two parts of "introduction" and "conclusion",the full dissertation is divided into eight chapters.The part of the introduction mainly explains the value of the topic,the status of the research,the research ideas and the source of the corpus.As to the value,system research can help Chinese inverse morphemes and help the linguistic research in the transitional period of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,which provides an important reference for the dating and staging of Chinese history.In terms of research ideas,it is examined from synchronic and diachronic perspectives,description and interpretation,quantitative and qualitative perspectives,ontology and application.The first chapter is an overview of the construction of inverse morphemes.At first,we clarify the main definitions,characteristics and classification in this paper.The main reason for the use of constructional terms is to try to explain complex linguistic phenomena in a limited format.It is found that inverse morphemes constructions are universal and productive in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China.It is widely distributed.On the one hand,it is reflected in different structural types.On the other hand,it is embodied in the existing two-syllable inverse morphemes construction and the four-syllable inverse morphemes constructions.The second chapter is grammar study of inverse morphemes construction.Grammar analysis is the basis for the examination of inverse morphemes construction.For the structural types of the two orders,most of them are presented as "parallel + parallel",which shows that the inverse morphemes construction in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China is dominated by parallel forms.This is the prototype language category of inverse morphemes construction.Followed by "genitive type and genitive type",we found that this kind of inverse morphemes construction is "attribute central type + attribute central type" category,and there isV no “adverbial central type+ adverbial central type" category.The difference in the angle of observation and the focus of attention of people is the cognitive factor that causes the double order to be partial to the formal homotropy.Other structural types include "subject-predicate +dynamic object" and other types.The grammatical attributes of AB and BA have the same dominant,namly verb,noun,adjective,among which the majority is the verb inverse morphemes construction while there are only a handful of virtual words,and they are limited to adverbs and conjunctions.In addition,a small amount of inverse morphemes construction have different grammar attributes.Specifically,there is a difference in the grammatical attributes of "verb +noun".The third chapter is about semantic study of inverse morphemes construction.From the view of the inverse meaning in both orders,the inverse morphemes construction can be of three types.They are the meaning of inverse morphemes constructions,synonymy inverse morphemes constructions and related meaning inverse morphemes constructions.The meaning of inverse morphemes construction refers to the same inverse morphemes construction with the same meaning,and the two orders can be replaced,occupying the dominant position in the sense.Synonymy inverse morphemes construction means that AB and BA have basically the same rational meaning and have some different configurations in grammatical meaning or color meaning.Related meaning inverse morphemes construction means that AB is related to the meaning of BA,one of which states the behavior of the action and the other refers to the object.The semantic fields formed between the different inverse morphemes construction in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China are divided into action semantic fields,object semantic fields,referring to human semantic fields,time semantic fields,psychological semantic fields,and azimuth semantic fields,among which,the action semantic field is the main one.It can be divided into homonyms,synonyms,thesaurus and antisense from the perspective of the relationship according to morpheme numbers.The fourth chapter is pragmatic study of inverse morphemes construction.The details are as follows.According to the effects on whether they are influenced by rhetorical factors,they are divided into fixed and temporary classes.According to the source standard,it can be divided into local inverse morphemes construction and foreign inverse morphemes construction.It is can be divided into inherited ainverse morphemes construction and newborn inverse morphemes construction by the standards of the time.According to the comparison of the number of double-order uses,it can be divided into two categories.Most of them are dominated by one of them,and a few double-order uses are basically the same.At the end of the Qing Dynasty inverse morphemes construction reflects the more distinctive characteristics of the times,which is inseparable from the transition period in Chinese at this stage.The fifth chapter is diachronic study on inverse morphemes construction the in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.we find that both periods has lots of same inverse morphemes construction,due to the succession of more inverse morphemes construction in in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.At the same time,compared with the modern Chinese,Some new inverse morphemes construction are produced in late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.At the end of the Qing Dynasty inverse morphemes construction to the development of modern Chinese are divided into three kinds: double sequence die,a sequence inherited a sequence of extinction and biorder inherited the second dominant class.The double sequence extinction is caused by the demise of old things and objects,and it is also caused bychanges in the names of the same concepts due to changes in social politics,economy,and institutions.The slight superiority of succession and extinction also explains the transition and instability of language in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China.The dead sequence is mainly concentrated on the meaning of inverse morphemes construction,and historical development must eliminate one of them in order to comply with the economic principles of language.The biorder inherited the second dominant class shows that the inverse morphemes construction has continuity in the historical development of Chinese.From the perspective of Chinese history,the number of Chinese inverse morphemes construction shows a trend from less to more to less.The sixth chapter is case study of inverse morphemes construction.In this chapter,we have selected several groups of nouns,verbs,and adjectives with representative inverse morphemes construction.Firstly,it explains synchronic aspect of each group of inverse morphemes construction.Then,from the perspective of diachronic,the formation time,development and the diachronic evolution rules of inverse morphemes construction are discussed.It is found that the biorder inherited the second dominant class inverse morphemes construction has undergone the development stage of meaning differentiation.The seventh chapter is the reason of the late Qing Dynasty inverse morphemes construction produced,including language internal factors and language external factors.The internal factors of the language are specifically manifested in the fact that the disyllablization for inverse morphemes provide background condition and a large number of synonymous morphemes co-occurrence provides the material basis for producing inverse morphemes construction.Besides,three is the conversion between different Chinese word formation for the words of inverse morphemes provide entry structure parts.The rhetorical factors of the inverse morphemes construction include the promotion of level and oblique tones rhyming,the influence of the writer's personal language style and so on.The external factors of the language are manifested in the fact that the inverse morphemes construction is also inseparable from the symmetry of the Han nationality and the associative holistic thinking.At the same time,at the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the inverse morphemes construction had a certain degree of contemporaneity,some of which were related to the feudal society,and others were related to the transformation of the classical Chinese and vernacular.The eighth chapter is inverse morphemes construction and lexicography in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China that is one of the most important periods for inverse morphemes construction.It is of great academic value to investigate the collection of dictionaries such as “The Chinese Dictionary".A collection of “The Chinese Dictionary" can be classified into three types: two orders are collected,one is not collected in one order,and the two order is not collected.In addition,there are still documentary lagged inverse morphemes construction in "The Chinese Dictionary",mostly for one order.We carry out a detailed and in-depth study from the aspects of supplementary entries,revised interpretations,supplementary meanings,advance documents,and supplementary orphan certificates,so as to facilitate the compilation and revision of related dictionaries.The main points of conclusion summarizes the whole thesis.The existence of a large number of inverse morphemes construction is an important feature of Chinese transition stage in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.This inverse morphemes construction hasimportant laws in the synchronic aspect and diachronic evolution.From the perspective of Chinese history,inverse morphemes construction appear from less to more then to less,not standardized to gradually standardize the development trend.It also points out the limitations of this study and the subject to be studied in the future.