| In the Ming Dynasty,border defense was very important,and the northwest border defense has been crucial since Chenghua of the Ming Dynasty.In the early and middle period of the Ming Dynasty,the imperial court successively established Gansu Town,Ningxia Town,Yansui Town,and Shaanxi Town in the northwest to consolidate the rule of the northwest and maintain border security.Since Zhengde,there has been a new trend in "Fan" and "Lu",and the northwest border defense has been under tremendous pressure.The Turpan occupied Hami and invaded Gansu,and the seven garrisons in Guanxi established by the imperial court have successively lost their role as a barrier to Gansu Town;Qinghai Yibula and others constantly invaded the border and ravaged the areas of Hehuangtaomin and Gansu;The Vala in the northern mountain of Hami still threatens the town of Gansu;Due to various factors,the Fan people in the Taomin and Tiewen regions rebelled against the Ming government and raided the areas of Lintao and Gongchang;The Hetao region has become the "lair" of the Tatars.Since the Jiajing period,the Ji Nang Department has been extremely powerful,often harassing the south,and the three sides and four towns of Shanxi have been deeply affected.In order to consolidate the northwest border defense and maintain the rule in the northwest,the Ming Dynasty continuously strengthened the defense of the four towns in Shanxi.In order to control the four towns,facilitate the dispatch of troops and horses,and raise food and grass,the "Three Frontier General System" was established in the late Hongzhi period to uniformly manage the affairs of the four towns,operating the northwest border defense,with Wang Yue,Qin Yan,Yang Yiqing,and Wang Qiong being the most representative.Liu Tianhe,who was studied in the article,made outstanding achievements in managing the northwest frontier defense in the early and middle periods of Jiajing,and was a connecting link between the past and the future in managing the northwest in the Ming Dynasty,which cannot be ignored.Liu Tianhe,a famous official during the Zhengde and Jiajing periods.He served as an official for more than 30 years and spent nearly half of his time in Guanlong.He visited the northwest four times successively.He achieved many achievements in his life in the northwest,especially in the construction of northwest border defense.In the eighth year of Zhengde’s reign(1513),he patrolled Shanxi and was imprisoned for offending the eunuch Liao Tang of Shanxi;In the seventh year of Jiajing’s reign(1528),he became the governor of the garrison government of Gansu Province,investigated the garrison land,repaired the garrison government,and officially began to operate the northwest border defense;In the eighth year of Jiajing’s reign(1529),the governor paid the troops on three fronts to solve the problem of food and grass needed for Wang Qiong’s "trimming borders to defend the prisoners";In the ninth year of Jiajing’s reign(1530),he served as governor of Shanxi,continued to solve border storage,reorganize land reclamation,quell the rebellion of the Pan ethnic group,and maintained the stability of the northwest border defense.Finally in the15 th year of Jiajing(1536)was appointed as“Trilateral general system”,soon changed to trilateral governor.During his more than five years in office,he implemented a series of measures,including the establishment of risk eliminators,the reorganization of the military,the reorganization of money and food,and the improvement of deployment.Some of these measures have been praised and continue to be used by future generations.In addition,he also repelled the invasion of Jinang in actual combat,especially in the Battle of Heishuiyuan in the 19 th year of the Jiajing reign(1540),which dealt a severe blow to Jinang’s invasion and made great contributions to consolidating and improving the northwest border defense. |
