Trimming And Research On Ma Wensheng's Writings About Northwest Frontier Defence

Ma Wensheng was the important person in the Middle of Ming Dynasty. He experienced the reign of Ying Ddai XianXiao and Wu Emperors in all his life and was the official for fifty years. And he worked in the Bingbu((Department of War in feudal China)) for thirteen years. So he contributed a lot in military. The essay picks up some of his writings(the whole article of Ma Duansu gong san ji ,ten pieces of the memorial to the throne of Ma Duansu) to trim in philology, and furthermore tentatively researches on the problems of northwest defence reflected in the writings. The essay consists of two parts, about 70000words.According to his three times'experiences of the frontier defence and the ethical relationship, he wrote Ma Duansu gong sanji, which is quite logistic and believable. Ten pieces of the memorial to the throne of Ma Duansu selected in the essay is about the frontier defence. They discloses the ethical policies, corruption in stratocracy, and the bad effect on frontier defence of environmental problem of Ming Dynasty. The writings above is valuable for the research on the frontier defence of the middle and late of Ming Dynasty.The articles refer to northwest defending are so many, but there is no edition in single. As a result, the coming down and edition of the northwest literature is actually that o of the appendix of the ma Duansu gong san ji and the memorial to the throne of Ma Wensheng. The former was spread widely, and had more edition. But the difference between the editions is not so apparent. Compared with the former the spread of the latter is not so widely, the existence of which are the edition of the 26^th years of Jiajing Emperor, earlier years of the Qing dynasty, and the edition of Imperial Collection of Four. The edition of Jiajing Emperor is the best.Ma Wensheng grew up to be a famous liegeman contributing to the frontier defence from a scholar.Tt has a close relationship of the declining of the country and frontier defence in Ming Dynasty. Because of the personal experience, he had deep insight into the frontier defence problem at that time. As we all know, northwest frontier defence had a very important place. From the middle of Ming Dynasty, the dynasty was in a passive place in the problem of northwest frontier defence. Besides the objective reasons, such as flowing of the power of the two opposite sides, there are many subjective reasons: firstly, the eccentricity of the frontier minority caused by false disposing of the nation relationship enforeced. Secondly, the fighting force declined by the corruption in stratocracy; thirdly, the destroy of the environment accelerate the difficulties of the garrison.