A Study Of Quantifiers In The Southern Archives Litigation Documents

"Yamen Archives of Southern Sichuan County in the Qing Dynasty" has a total of 308 volumes,which is the longest time span and relatively complete preservation of the county-level political power archives in China,involving political,economic,military and other aspects,containing many measure words.This paper mainly selects measure words in102 archives of the Qianlong,Jiaqing,Daoguang and Tongzhi dynasties as the research objects,and examines the use of measure words from three aspects: semantics,grammar,synchronic and diachronic aspects.The first chapter is an introduction,focusing on the research status of quantifiers at home and abroad and in the Southern Archives,introducing the research objects and research methods.The classification and sorting of measure words and the comparison of diachronic and synchronic are conducive to the understanding and reading of archives,and also present the development of measure words in Qing dynasty vernacular novels together with the study of measure words in Qing dynasty vernacular novels,and can also enrich the research of Chinese measure words.and finally briefly describing the naming and classification of quantifiers.Chapter 2 classifies and describes the quantifiers in the litigation documents of the Southern Archives,and analyzes the quantifiers with similar semantics.For each measure word subcategory,it is explained in combination with dictionaries such as "Shuowen Jiezi","Hanyu Da Zidian" and "Modern Chinese Measure Word Handbook".Chapter 3 analyzes the use of quantifiers in the Southern Archives litigation documents from the semantics,grammar,and shape characteristics of the quantifiers themselves.Its semantic characteristics are summarized in five aspects: accuracy and ambiguity,concreteness and abstraction,stability and flexibility,two-way selectivity,and vulgarity.Some quantifiers can be classified into three categories: long bars,squares,and circles according to the shape characteristics of the quantifiers themselves.Most of the quantifiers in the litigation documents of the Southern Archives follow the usage and function of pre-pronouns in grammatical combinations and syntactic functions.Noun quantifiers are basically used in combination with numerals,pronouns,and place words,and act as subject,object,form,definite,and synonym in sentences;Momentum words are combined with numerals and adjectives to make adverbs and complements in sentences.Chapter 4 compares the quantifiers in the litigation documents of the Southern Archives with the Research on Quantifiers in Qing Dynasty Vernacular Novels: the number is much smaller than that of Qing Dynasty vernacular novel quantifiers,and the formal usage is single.At the same time,the quantifiers in the litigation documents of the Southern Archives,the Qing Dynasty Vernacular Novel Quantifiers,the Ming Dynasty Quantifiers,and the Modern Chinese Quantifier Usage Dictionary are used for longitudinal comparison: the Qing Dynasty quantifier system has both inherited and updated.Most of the noun quantifiers used are standard,individual and collective quantifiers,and most of the used verb words are special momentum words,and double volume words are produced,and such words are mostly foreign loanwords.