| The government of the Ming Dynasty widely carried out land reclamation in the Hexi area.It established a land reclamation pattern with military land reclamation as the principal part and civilian land reclamation and commercial land reclamation as the supplement.At the same time,the Ming government also built a canal dam irrigation system that matched the reclamation;The Hexi region has formed a complete and effectively management mechanism and management system.During the Hongwu period,water conservancy and land reclamation were under the jurisdiction of Hexi Weisuo.After Yongle,the management of water conservancy and farmland in the Hexi area showed a trend of specialization,and local officials began to intervene in the administration of water conservancy and reclamation.On the other hand,the reclamation management system has gradully compeleted in the Hexi area.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the grass-roots water conservancy system initially appeared in the Shiyang River Basin in the Hexi area,which stipulated the grass-roots water distribution system and clarified the time limit and order of water distribution.In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,the water conservancy and farmland in the Hexi area began to decline,which was closely related to external natural factors and internal social factors.From the nature conditions,the Hexi area has severe desertification,frequent sandstorm activities,and deterioration of the water environment.From the human factors,the officials of Hexi Garrison wantonly occupied the land and irrigation water,resulting in a large number of soldiers fleeing.During the Jiajing period,Yang Bo and other local officials were in charge of Gansu Province,dredging old canals and dams,rectifying reclamation,and prohibiting officials from encroaching.The water conservancy and reclamation in the Hexi area recovered again.However,the Ming government did not establish a sound reclamation supervision system and water use system.These measures to alleviate the decline of water conservancy and reclamation were failing.The development of water conservancy and farmland in the Hexi area in the Ming Dynasty impacted the local economic,social,and ecological environment.The development of water conservancy has spawned folk water conservancy beliefs,established a water conservancy order,and initially constructed a local water conservancy society.The development of reclamation promoted the development of agriculture,guaranteed the food supply of the Hexi army,and replaced the function of the Baojia organization.The development of water conservancy and reclamation has caused ecological problems such as vegetation destruction,desertification,and land salinization in the Hexi area to a certain extent. |
