From Civilian Education To Civic Education:The "Indigenization" Movement In Young Men’s Christianassociation Education

From 1922 to 1929,with the outbreak of a series of events such as the non-Christian movement,the May 30 th Movement,and the Northern Expedition War,patriotism and nationalism were on the rise in China.As a foreign religious group,the Young Men’s Christian Association(YMCA)suffered a blow to its activities.In response to this impact,the intellectuals of the Chinese YMCA,represented by Yu Rizhang and Liu Zhanen,tried to break away from the control of the Western missions and establish their own religious community,which became the basis of the Chinese YMCA’s "indigenization" movement.During the "indigenization" movement,the YMCA of China carried out civilian and civic education campaigns in many cities across the country,and gradually shifted the focus of its educational activities from civilian education to civic education."Case studies are a prerequisite for macro-abstraction." As a branch of the Chinese YMCA,the Hangzhou YMCA was active in various endeavors from1922-1929,especially in education.As one of the first urban Young Men’s Christian Associations to start a civilian education movement,Hangzhou’s civilian education movement was very effective and served as a good model and recommendation for other regions.However,with the rise of anti-imperialist and patriotic thinking in China,the need for salvation and survival became a more urgent reality.For this reason,the educational activities of the Hangzhou YMCA were transformed from civil education,which focused on social service,to civic education,which focused on saving the country and trying to save it with civic education.The transformation of the educational activities of the Hangzhou YMCA was a self-adjustment in response to external shocks and in order to adapt to Chinese society.In this process,its educational endeavors gradually moved from singularity to complexity,from independence to cooperation,and from Christianity to secularism.It can be said that the various educational undertakings carried out by the Hangzhou YMCA are a cross-section of the Chinese YMCA’s continuous mutual integration with the local culture,seeking its own development and reshaping its vitality.It is a manifestation of the enlightenment of local education in modern China by foreign forces represented by the Christian community,and it also shows the "indigenization" that foreign forces had to face after entering China.