| In the ancient,the drum was used in almost all areas of ancient society,and could be seen as a symbol in itself,coalescing into a complex of political,military,material,institutional and conceptual aspects of the era.The early creation of the drum was motivated by ritual and military needs,and as the Tradition of Zuo says,"The great event of the state is the sacrifice and the military",so the drum enjoyed a high status in ancient China,and its role continued to expand with the changing times,forming a unique cultural landscape.“ There is no column without a drum" is the common sense of ancient Chinese military.In addition to general principles,different armies have also developed and innovated according to their own characteristics and needs.In general,wars were more frequent in the Song Dynasty,and there are abundant records in the literature about the application of drums in the Song army in the military.It can be seen that the Song army fully inherited the experience and wisdom of its predecessors in terms of command,cheering,about drums as trumpets and army management.On the other hand,the Song army’s application of drums also reflected its own peculiarities.The Song army lacked cavalry,and with infantry as the main combat force fighting against cavalry-based opponents for a long time,the importance of the navy also became increasingly prominent in the Southern Song Dynasty.According to these own characteristics,the Song army strived to be tight and orderly and skillful in dispatching formations through flags and drums in order to reduce breakdowns and to avoid shortcomings in combat with cavalry,even to control cavalry with steps.In the construction of the naval army,the Song Dynasty naval warships were of various shapes,and a set of command orders consisting of flags and drums was developed,so that orders could be effectively transmitted even on the water far away from each other.Drums had a special cultural significance in ancient China,and were even regarded as the dominant ritual music,and their role continued in the Halogen Book ceremony and the Heshuo felling drum ceremony in previous generations.However,in the yakuza,which is regarded as the right sound of the country,because of the different political significance behind different drums,the Song monarchs,who were proud of their cultural appeal but never recovered the old Han and Tang borders,formed a kind of obsession with the yakuza retro under the interplay of realistic contradictions and tangled psychology,and sought to manifest their orthodoxy and authority through the music system retro,even though the drums in line with the classical sacred history had long failed,they were still restored to the Northern Song Dynasty one by one.Even though the drums that conformed to the sacred classical tradition were not available for a long time,they were still restored to the sequence of the Northern Song Dynasty.For the Northern Song dynasty,the importance of musicality and spectacle took a back seat to the primary consideration of its political significance.The Song Dynasty was a period of important changes,when the rule of "working at sunrise and resting at sunset" was loosened and the management concept of time order became more enlightened.The familiar engineering engineering system was still used to announce the time in the morning and evening,but the function of the engineering system was changed from the management to the provision of time reporting service.At the local level,drum towers and bawling towers,which were commonly used to announce the time in Ming and Qing novels,also became popular in the Southern Song Dynasty and assumed the function of official time reporting.In places far away from the drum tower in the city,the sound of bells and drums of monasteries was an important supplement,and there were monasteries and palaces everywhere,and life in the monasteries was very regular,and also had a set of chime system similar to the secular administration,and residents or pedestrians near the monasteries could be informed of the time through the chime of the monasteries.The Song Dynasty was the peak of the development of the Dengwen drum system,in which the subjects could beat the drums to enter the case and reach the emperor directly.To a certain extent,this system eased the internal conflicts.At the daily administrative level,the local government of the Song dynasty was equipped with Yamen drums,which could manage both the senate and the release of Yamen,and could also beat the drums to announce official orders centrally.It can be said that the authority of the local government is also contained in the Yamen drums.During Wang Anshi’s change of law,the law of Baojia was implemented on a large scale,and each Baojia was connected to each other for defense,and when a thief was encountered,the drums were used to warn and inform the public.The government also attached great importance to the deployment of drums in each Baojia,and not only urged the local authorities to equip them with all the necessary equipment,but also regulated how to use them.In the Song Dynasty,although the sage and kingly colors of the drums inherited from the ancient times were still evident,the most remarkable feature of the drums in the Song Dynasty was their proliferation into various fields for practical reasons.The drums became more active than ever in the Song Dynasty’s entertainment activities,going out of the palace and the residences of the powerful and noble,and widely penetrating into the folklore of the countryside and even the tiles,with performances such as drum lyrics,drum boards,singing and earning,various court tunes and miscellaneous dramas having been integrated into the lifestyle of the Song people.In Song dynasty festivals and witchcraft activities,the ritual function of drums to communicate with the gods and bring forth all things became increasingly formal,and the Song people were more concerned with using festivals to gather people for entertainment and drumming to cheer them up,and drumming for entertainment was the subject of a large number of social day poems composed by the Song.In the field of transportation,drums were essential for traveling on ships,and Song poems mentioned a lot about how drums were used in the navigation of ships.At the ferry port where the ships boarded and disembarked,there were jin drums,and when the ships arrived or departed,the jin pavilion beat the drums to announce the news as a signal.During the course of the ship’s journey,different drums meant different driving instructions for the ship.Since the boats were far away from the official time telling range,a time telling service was provided on board to let the boatmen and passengers know the time change,called "boat drums".The scope of application of drums in Song Dynasty far exceeded that of contemporary times,and on the basis of inheritance of the past,many areas also showed the era of "body time adapted to change",and the development of Qiaolou and other local reporting system had a profound impact on Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties,forming a unique cultural phenomenon. |
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