Sorting And Analysis Of Shandong Philologists In Qing History Manuscript

Philology is a discipline that focuses on documentary research and ancient teaching with writing and written language as the research object in China,and the research scope involves graphology,historical phonology,classical Chinese semantics and classical philology etc.,and is very closely related to the study of Confucian classics.Specific to the Qing Dynasty,it is also known as "Textology","Puxue" and"Sinology".This paper argues that anyone who has made achievements in traditional philology(graphology,historical phonology and classical Chinese semantics),classical philology,and the study and transmission of Confucian classics should be counted as philologists,including those who have made greater contributions to philology education.The Qing Dynasty was a period of comprehensive development of Chinese culture and a golden age in the history of Shandong philology.Since the rulers of the Qing Dynasty controlled people’s thoughts by means of "suppression" and "appeasement"after they entered the Shanhaiguan Pass,Shandong scholars had to save their lives by participating in the study of ancient knowledge on the one hand,and actively participated in the imperial examinations driven by utilitarianism on the other hand,which objectively created conditions for the prosperity of philology in Shandong in Qing Dynasty.During this period,Shandong philologists made great achievements in the fields of graphology,historical phonology,classical Chinese semantics and classical philology,showing the prosperity of Shandong philology in Qing Dynasty,and playing a decisive role in the inheritance and development of regional philology in Shandong.However,at present,there is no systematic study of philologists in Shandong region of Qing Dynasty,based on this,this paper takes the Qing History Manuscript《清史稿》)as the documentary basis,takes the present-day Shandong Province as the geographical scope,takes the Qing Dynasty as the time range,and refers to the Qing Confucian Study Case(《清儒学案》),Qing Dynasty Pu Xue Master’s Biography(《清代朴学大师列传》),Qing History Manuscript Dictionary(《清史稿辞典》),Shandong Bibliophile History(《山东藏书家史略》),Shandong Bibliography(《山东文献书目》),Shandong Bibliography Continuation(《山东文献书目续编》)and other documentary materials,a total of 376 Shandong philologists in Qing Dynasty are sorted out,and their academic activities,academic thoughts,academic inheritance and academic contributions are sorted out and analyzed,and their academic contributions in various fields of philology are summarized,so as to reveal the relationship between the development of philology and the era and region,and show the inheritance and development of philology in Shandong at that time.The main body of this article consists of five parts:Part Ⅰ:Introduction.This part discusses the research object,existing research results,research methods,research significance,and innovation.Part Ⅱ:An objective compilation of Shandong philologists in Qing dynasty,and a brief description of their academic activities and academic achievements.Through the Qing History Manuscript《清史稿》)and related classics,a total of 376 Shandong philologists were collected,including 201 philologists whose native place in Shandong and 175 philologists who guested in Shandong.Part Ⅲ:From the four perspectives of traditional philology,classical philology,academic inheritance and philology education,the academic activities and academic achievements of the above Shandong philologists are sorted out and analyzed.During the Qing Dynasty,Shandong philologists had rich academic activities in graphology,historical phonology,classical Chinese semantics,and the collection and collation of literature,many of which were groundbreaking achievements.In terms of academic inheritance and philology education,similar to the inheritance of Shandong philologists before Qing Dynasty,family inheritance is still an important way for Shandong philologists to inherit philology.In addition,Shandong philologists in Qing dynasty also had a certain influence on official education and local education in Shandong.Part Ⅳ:Sublimation on the basis of comprehensively combing and analyzing the academic achievements and academic activities of Shandong philologists in Qing dynasty,and summarizing the contributions of Shandong philologists in Qing dynasty to academic history.The Qing Dynasty was the stage of summary and improvement of Shandong philology,and Shandong philologists in Qing Dynasty sublimated and improved on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the previous generation of Shandong philologists,so that Shandong philology in Qing Dynasty developed to a heyday.Part Ⅴ:Conclusion.Summarize the full text and analyze the reasons for the prosperity of Shandong philology in Qing Dynasty and point out the shortcomings in this study.