At The Beginning Of The Qing Dynasty Shandong Mining Research Theory (1644-1860),

The mineral industry is the most important economy of society. During Qing Dynasty，mineral industry of the China had a great step of development. With the development of socialeconomy, the place also was rising gradually in the national economy,especially in Qing Dynasty.The development of mineral industry was more than any previous one period.Shandong is rich in mineral resources, which mineral industry played an important role inthe country. Along with the social economic recovery and develop, the development of mineralindustry also gradually flourishing rise in early Qing Dynasty. Between the time of emperorsQianlong and Jiaqing, the development of mineral industry flourished quickly and reached ithigh peak in a period, after only a few decades after the rise, the development was rapidly towardthe decline and atrophy. With the invasion of Western capitalist powers，manual mining graduallyfelled into the depressed state in Shandong and was replaced by the modern machine mining, andalso germination of capitalism in the mineral industry was also killed. This phenomenonreflected, the mining industry development of Shandong appears as a process, what is fromstagnation, wandering, preparation, rising rapidly and drops abruptly.This thesis discusses the mining exploitation of Shandong Province in Qing Dynastyincluding the background of development of the mining industry, the distribution, rise and fallof the mining exploitation, Mode of operation, and so on. Which emphasized on the reason ofthe prosperity and rapid decline of the mineral industry of Shandong in early Qing dynasty, thushave the further understanding of the development of the mineral industry of Shandong. Thethesis is divided into the introduction, body and Conclusion.The introduction has a systematic review and assessment of the results of the Qing Dynastyand Shandong mineral studies. Based on that，the Part describes explicit object of this thesis,writing ideas and innovations.The body part is divided into four chapters. The first chapters，the basics of the thesis, itrefers to the background of development of the mining industry, including Material basis,Historical, Foundation、Social and economic conditions, and so on. The two to four chapters, themain body, it comprehensively describes the basic situation of mining development in Shandongin early Qing Dynasty, including Mineral spatial distribution,The minerals development andbanned, Commodity circulation and operation mode, and so on.The Conclusion part concludes the Qing Dynasty temporal characteristics of mineraldevelopment in Shandong, revealing Changes in space and time of mineral industry, therelationship between mineral development and the economic development of different districts inShandong province. What’s more, the evolution of the mineral policy is an important factor, affecting mineral industry development. From the spatially, the development of the miningindustry has gradually eastward trend. From the mineral species and production, Non-metallicminerals mining is far greater than the metal ore mining, and also produced new relations ofproduction in the mineral industry.