Research On The Site Catchment Of Erlitou Culture Period In The East And Central Of Luoyang Basin

Site catchment analysis is mainly through the investigation and analysis of the natural environment resources around the site,to restore the activity scope and resource acquisition of the residents in the site to obtain different types of resources centered on the site at that time.In this way,we can further study the evolution of human-land relationship,as well as the social structure and economic relationship between sites reflected through resource utilization.This paper takes the sites of the Erlitou culture period in the east and central Luoyang basin as the research object,and uses the methods of settlement archaeology,site catchment analysis,GIS spatial analysis,K-means cluster analysis to focus on the research on the spatial distribution of settlements in this area.The Erlitou site is analyzed using the methods inside and outside the site,and other sites of Erlitou culture phase I to IV in this area are combined with population archaeology and land cultivability evaluation to analyze the land use situation within the agricultural catchment,and discuss the resource utilization situation and relationship of different sites,combined with the spatial distribution of settlements.In addition,this paper further analyzes the social complication process in the east and central Luoyang basin during this period by synthesizing the spatial distribution of settlements,the catchment pattern of the Erlitou site,and the utilization relationship of agricultural catchment at different sites in the study area.This paper can be mainly divided into the following parts:The first part mainly introduces the concept,research method,research status and research significance of the site resource domain,and explains the research scope and object.This part also discusses the research purpose and significance of this paper.The second part is the natural geographical environment of the study area,which introduces the modern natural geographical environment and ancient environment research.The third part is the study of the colony level and spatial distribution of the region.The settlement of this region can be divided into four grades: small,medium,large and overlarge,forming the distribution structure of the pyramid.According to the spatial distribution characteristics of settlements,it can be divided into three areas:Erlitou settlement group,Gaoyaxi settlement group and Shaochai settlement group.Different settlement groups can also be subdivided into multiple colony groups,forming three colony group types: single center,multicenter and dispersed center,with different priorities in different areas.The fourth part is the analysis of the resource domain of the Erlitou site during the Erlitou culture period.The Erlitou site has formed a multi-level catchment structure.Different types of resources come from different ranges.A large amount of food and stone resources can be obtained from the catchment within an hour.The 1-2hour range catchment also provides more animal and plant resources.Most of the wood resources may come from the 2-3 hour,3-4 hour range catchment.Most wildlife resources may come from 2-3 hours hour,3-4 hour and 4-5 hour range catchment.4-5 hour and 5-10 hour range catchment may also provide a small amount of stone resources,and some scarce resources may come from further areas.There are various ways of obtaining resources,and some resources may be obtained indirectly.The fifth part is the analysis of the site catchment in the study area,and discusses the situation and relationship of land utilization in different regions according to the population archaeology and land cultivability evaluation within the agricultural catchment.The land utilization rate of Erlitou culture phase I is within the optimal carrying capacity,and after the second phase is slightly higher than the optimal carrying capacity.Extra-large and large settlements may need agricultural resources from surrounding small and medium-sized settlements to relieve their own pressure.There may be a coordinated redistribution system of agricultural resources from settlement groups to settlement groups,and then to the entire region.The sixth part is the conclusion,summarizing the conclusions of each part.The settlement hierarchy and spatial distribution structure in this region,the catchment model of the Erlitou site,and the agricultural resource allocation system in the region are complementary to each other as a whole,and a multi-level settlement structure is formed.It has multi-level decision-making management and strong management and control in the region,so it is conducive to the realization of the multi-level catchment utilization model of the Erlitou site,and is conducive to the coordinated redistribution of agricultural resources at different settlement levels.Economic relations further promote the improvement and development of social organizational structure.