Study On The Technology Characteristics And Province Of Glazed Tiles Of Capital Cities In Yuan Dynasty

Glaze tiles is a kind of low-temperature architectural ceramic with glaze,including glazed tube tile,plate tile and other components.Glaze tiles originated in the Northern Wei Dynasty and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.As an important link connecting the past and the future in the development of ancient Chinese glass technology,the Yuan Dynasty is of great significance to understand the development context of glaze technology and the production system of building materials in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.By combing the distribution of glaze tiles in the Yuan Dynasty,this paper finds that the number of architectural glass in the capital is huge,and the shape types are richer than those in local city sites.Taking the glaze samples of the capital buildings of the Yuan Dynasty as the research object,with the help of scientific and technological archaeological analysis,this paper studies its process characteristics and sources.In terms of the technological characteristics of the glaze carcass,the chemical composition of the glaze carcass in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty conforms to the characteristics of high alumina clay in the north.The main phase groups are quartz,feldspar and hematite.The raw materials of the carcass are finely crushed and sintered,which greatly improves the molding effect of the carcass.In terms of the source of glass matrix,the chemical composition of the glaze matrix between the capital of the Yuan Dynasty and the surrounding kiln sites is compared through principal component analysis.The results show that the glaze of Shangdu in the Yuan Dynasty is likely to come from the Gaole kiln site of Shangdu,and the glaze of Zhongdu in the Yuan Dynasty is likely to come from the naoyanzi kiln site.Due to the superposition and destruction of the city sites of previous dynasties,the number of preserved architectural glaze components is very small,so it is impossible to carry out scientific and technological analysis and comparison of the glass samples of the capital and kiln sites,However,the literature records show that its glass construction mainly comes from the Gongzhufen kiln near Dadu.The research shows that the glass of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty comes from the kilns near the capital,and the glass kiln is a necessary production facility for the construction of large capital.In terms of the technological characteristics of the glaze layer,the malachite blue glaze in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty belongs to the Pb O-K₂O-Si O₂system,and the raw materials are quartz,nitrate,lead powder and copper powder,green and yellow glaze are Pb O-Si O₂system,and their basic raw materials are quartz,lead,copper powder and ochre.In terms of the technological characteristics of glazed cosmetic soil,the thickness of cosmetic soil is 120μm～260μm,the raw materials of blue glazed glazed cosmetic soil may be anorthite and clay,and the green and yellow glazed cosmetic soil has high Ca content and is likely to be lime slurry.In addition,the color rendering effect of Yuan Zhongdu glaze tiles is better and the physical properties of the matrix are improved,which is an important part of the progress of glaze technology in the yuan and Ming Dynasties.The blue,green and yellow glaze in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty belonged to different systems.It was the innovation and integration of technology that promoted the technological development of the glaze in the Yuan Dynasty.Through the scientific and technological analysis of the architectural glaze in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty,this paper reveals the technological characteristics of tire glaze,and provides a scientific basis for exploring the source and management system of building materials in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty.