Research On Sino-Indian Tea Trade And Border Security In Modern Time

Based on the full-text database of periodicals from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China(1833-1949)and Chinese newspaper texts during the Anglo-Indian period,this paper explores the role of tea in different stages of Sino-Indian tea trade on border security,and focuses on the relevant reports and publications of Indian tea in Tibet,the game between Indian tea and Brick Tea,and the response measures of the state and local governments.Writing on the basis of the contrast and analysis of the text,the author try to explore from the perspective of historical anthropology of double attributes of the tea trade and tea competition and border security,newspaper "context" and so on history and reality,border security with the words of the build process in tea,China and India tea trade policy evolution,the overall context of national and social development to grasp them,Through the case study of material and cultural exchanges,this paper presents one aspect of the prism of Sino-Indian relations in this period,and explores the cultural and social significance of tea,a global commodity,in different time and space scenarios.The thesis mainly includes four aspects:The first part : Based on the data of full-text database of Periodicals of the Republic of China(1833-1949)in the late Qing Dynasty,through at least four retrieval of relevant keywords,this paper sorted out the general situation of periodicals and reports on tea trade between China and India in this period from three aspects: the number of articles published,the annual changes,the main newspapers published,the composition and classification of authors.The second part:This paper clarifies the history of tea’s introduction to Tibet and tea politics in successive dynasties,as well as a cultural network centered on tea that includes elites and ordinary people of all levels in central Plains and local areas,and analyzes the political influence of tea in the process of "governing the border with tea".The third part:Centering on the introduction of Indian tea into Tibet,the paper presents the specific game between the brick tea and Indian tea in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,discusses the historical process of tea’s political attribute fading and economic attribute prominent,and how the central government and the ruling class achieve the goal of "controlling the border with tea" through the practice of "saving the right".The fourth part:With the transformation from "treating border areas with tea" under the influence of the traditional national concept to "invigorating border areas with tea" aiming at improving people’s well-being and promoting common prosperity of the nation,how has brick tea become the "synonym" of national unity,people’s livelihood development and national rejuvenation.Through the combing of newspapers and text,the author believes that since the end of the 19 th century China and India tea competition leads to a series of questions,it is not just a matter of Indian tea trade in Tibet,more involved in the British empire’s colonial ambitions,tea,many aspects,such as competition and border security is under specific historical conditions of various factors lead to a political and economic events.Based on the full-text database of periodicals from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China(1833-1949),it can be seen that the state and social elites began to pay attention to the trade of brick tea in Tibet in the late 19 th century,and a large number of reports about brick tea began to appear in various newspapers and periodicals.At the beginning of the 20 th century,the issue of Indian tea into Tibet was first raised,and the appeal of tea tax reduction,farmers and T-shirt merchants and other "salvage rights" also appeared.From 1930 to 1939,with the deepening of the national crisis,the number of reports related to the Sino-Indian tea trade dispute reached its peak,and the revival of tea industry was gradually associated with the national crisis and border security.It seemed that the entry of Indian tea into Tibet was transformed from a political and economic crisis to a national crisis.Before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,tea,as a "good-neighborly trade product with Tibet",had a great political and economic mission.Then,after the political practice of the Anti-Japanese War as an important commodity in exchange for foreign exchange,Border tea played an increasingly important role in maintaining the integrity of sovereignty and the connection of national feelings.In a word,in the process of maintaining stability and security of border areas and in the process of transforming the traditional yixia-style country into a modern nation-state,brick tea has experienced two stages from "governing border areas with tea" to "invigorating border areas with tea".The political and economic attributes of brick tea in different periods are simultaneously reflected with different emphases.And related news reports in this period fully reflected these changes,in-depth analysis of the text is helpful for us to understand the British newspapers printed rule in the different historical period with parts of the country in the word narrative position,explore the global tea products in different cultural and social significance in the field of,as well as the role of newspapers in modern nation-state discourse form.