The Selection Mechanism Of Tibet Ministers In Qing Dynasty During 1791-1799

It plays an important role in correctly understanding and evaluating the ministers stationed in Tibet,clarifying the development context and the reference object of institutional reform,expanding the understanding of the powers and sources of the ministers stationed in Tibet,and revealing the institutional and cultural exchanges between the vassals and the provinces.In this paper,literature analysis,historical comparison and data visualization are used to analyze the selection mechanism,the attributes of official posts and the evaluation criteria of senior officials in The Qing Dynasty.While the Qing dynasty dealt with the rebellions in Qinghai,Junggar and Hui,it was also in the stage of colonial infiltration and trade competition by British and Russian colonial forces in Central Asia,South Asia,north Asia and East Asia.During the second Gorkha Campaign,the selection of ministers in Tibet reflected the qing dynasty’s high awareness of vassal experience transplantation and personnel transfer in frontier administration.The understanding of the ministers in Tibet in the official documents of the Qing Dynasty also changed from the official officers to the parallel officers dispatched by the permanent offices of the Li Fan Yuan to the highest local officials who were higher than the Li Fan Yuan and took charge of Tibet alone.In terms of the way of selecting and appointing ministers in Tibet,the records of the Qing Dynasty were made up of special briefs and lists.In addition,there were also ways of selecting ministers of military aircraft and selecting generals.The selection sources of ministers in Tibet can be divided into two long-term sources and two short-term sources.The types of ministers in Tibet can be divided into four types:military attache of the eight banners,civil officer of the eight banners,meritorious service and noble family.The discussion system of the minister in Tibet is mainly divided into military commendation and special favor.The recommendation system includes recommendation and supplement.In addition,the transfer of official seal,performance appraisal and supervision system,as well as punishment and rehabilitation mechanism also have an important impact on the selection and appointment of ministers in Tibet.The official position of the minister in Tibet is characterized by multiple attributes.Under the influence of the Minister in Charge of Xining,the Minister in charge of Returning to Xinjiang affairs and the Minister in charge of Kulun,the minister in charge of Political and religious affairs was gradually established.In addition,it also takes into account the direct provincial supervision system,the garrison capital control system and the administration system of the internal affairs office successively,indicating that the power of the Ministers stationed in Tibet in the Qing Dynasty had experienced the evolution from full-power ministers to auxiliary ministers.After the Second Gorkha Battle,the ministers stationed in Tibet really fully controlled the political and religious power.The bureaucracy and political ecology of ho-shen’s monopoly in the period of emperor Qianjia’s replacement also had a certain influence on Tibetan affairs and the selection and appointment of ministers stationed in Tibet.The reform of Hobilkhan and religious belief are the important factors affecting the selection of ministers in Tibet.The evaluation criteria for selecting and appointing ministers in Tibet can be divided into age and health risk,efficiency principle,state standard,monarchy standard and balance principle.