A Study On Mai Jinting And Tongtaihang, Merchants Of Guangzhou Thirteen Hongs In The Qing Dynast

Mai-Jin-Ting(Poonequa),founder of Tung-Tae Hong,was born in Shun-de,Guangdong,and was one of the thirteen merchants in Guangzhou during the Jia-Jing and Dao-Guang period.Mai-Jin-Ting from business,through donations to obtain official titles,and under the business name " Poonequa " set foot in Guangzhou’s foreign trade.During participate in the Thirteen-Hong of trade,with good reputation and rely on a partner "Youqua",under the power of positive business overseas network of human relationships,widely with Britain,the United States,France and other countries for trade between us,is to realize the scale expansion of trade area,and develop with Thai business vision,gradually formed with tea and silk goods for export,In addition to the extensive characteristics of cotton and fur imports,Poonequa active participation in public affairs played a positive role in the society,and finally stood on the stage of foreign trade.The enlightenment brought by the establishment of Sino-foreign business ties and partnership mode with Thai Bank shows that small merchants are closely connected in the world market dominated by capitalism,and gradually become a part of the world market.However,At the same time,Poonequa had the limitation of feudal merchants.The credit trade produced a large amount of debt,which led to the decline of Tung-Tae Hong from prosperity,and became the victim of the game between feudal capital and foreign capital.Finally accompanied by the outbreak of "crisis" under the bankruptcy,the impact is widespread,and even caused a sensation.This paper tries to make an overall study of Poonequa and Tung-Tae Hong.First of all,according to the foreign language materials rarely used in the academic world,this paper discusses the development of trade and the evolution of the operation mode of Tung-Tae Hong and combs the development track of Tung-Tae Hong.Secondly,according to the development track of Tung-Tae Hong,it focuses on connecting its development with the background of capitalist world market,as to analyze the reasons for the decline of Tung-Tae Hong in foreign trade.Finally,based on the characteristics of Tong Tai Hang in the group of merchants,through these characteristics,the enlightenment brought by Poonequa and Tung-Tae Hong’s business activities is analyzed,and its role in the historical development is evaluated.