| Quantifier is a major difficulty in learning Chinese as a second language,but at present,there are many researches on quantifier ontology,and there are relatively few researches on quantifier in reference books such as export-oriented Chinese dictionary.Export oriented Chinese dictionary is an active dictionary for Chinese learners of foreign languages and aims to improve the language ability of Chinese as a foreign language.This paper takes two export-oriented Chinese dictionaries,The Commercial Press Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese and Advanced Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Usage,as examples to explore the compilation of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionaries.Firstly,this paper analyzes the situation of quantifier collection,word inspection,interpretation and examples in the two dictionaries,and discusses the compilation of Quantifiers in combination with Outline of Chinese Level Vocabulary and Chinese Character Level and Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for Internation Chinese Language Education;Secondly,combined with questionnaires,interviews and HSK dynamic composition corpus,it analyzes learners’ needs;Finally,based on the above research,this paper puts forward some suggestions and tries to compile some quantifiers.The introduction expounds the reason and significance of the research,and summarizes the research results and current situation.According to the statistics of more than 50 export-oriented Chinese dictionaries published since the end of the 20 th century,summarize the four research directions of export-oriented Chinese dictionary,the four research directions of quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary,and explain the research objectives,ideas,methods and corpus sources.The first chapter is the research on quantifier collection and word detection in export-oriented Chinese dictionary.The first is the collection of quantifiers.137 quantifiers are included in the outline of Chinese level vocabulary and Chinese character level(revised edition),86 quantifiers are included in Chinese Proficiency Grading Standards for Internation Chinese Language Education,there are 152 quantifiers in the two outlines;197 quantifiers are included in The Commercial Press Learner’s Dictionary of Contemporary Chinese,167 quantifiers are included in Advanced Chinese-English Dictionary of Chinese Usage,there are 217 quantifiers in the two dictionaries;Referring to the word frequency of Quantifiers in HSK dynamic composition corpus,this paper discusses the differences and principles of word collection between the two dictionaries.The second is word detection of quantifiers.Firstly,analyze the common word detection method and the new word detection method in the retrieval of quantifiers,and clarify their advantages and disadvantages.Secondly,combined with the word detection method with physical examination in the two dictionaries,this paper expounds that the comprehensive use of “Pinyin word detection method” and “easy five code word detection method” is more suitable for the retrieval of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionaries.The second chapter is the definition and illustration of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary.The first is the definition of quantifiers.Combined with the definition of Quantifiers in the two dictionaries,this paper discusses the definition of quantifiers from the perspectives of interpretation mode,interpretation language,meaning division and meaning ranking;The definition of quantifiers can adopt both functional interpretation and explanatory interpretation,and the meaning items can follow the order of first name and quantity then momentum,first high frequency and then low frequency.The second is quantifier examples.Combined with the examples of the two dictionaries,this paper investigates the types and ranking of examples,quantity and principles,and explores the quantifier examples of export-oriented Chinese dictionaries;Quantifier examples can choose the combination of phrase examples and sentence examples.Examples can consider cultural related content.The third chapter is the investigation and analysis of the use of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary.Through questionnaire survey,interview and error analysis,this paper investigates the needs of dictionary use.Based on 73 questionnaires and interviews with two learners from India,Pakistan,the United States,Russia and other countries,it is found that the dictionary utilization rate is not high.Only 41.1% of them often use dictionaries and8.22% of them have not used dictionaries.Seven typical quantifiers are selected according to different word frequencies.Based on the HSK dynamic composition corpus,the types and causes of learners’ quantifier errors are analyzed to further understand learners’ quantifier needs.It is found that the proportion of “don’t use” errors is the highest,and the reasons include quantifier pronunciation,dictionary annotation and so on.The fourth chapter is the suggestions on the compilation of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary.Combined with the research on word checking,word receiving,interpretation and examples,as well as questionnaire survey,interview research and error analysis,this paper puts forward some suggestions for the compilation of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary.The scope of quantifier receiving should be targeted and practical,and reference can be made to classic teaching materials at the same time;In terms of quantifier retrieval methods,we should simplify as much as possible,pay attention to the use of new word detection and appropriately increase auxiliary retrieval methods;In the aspect of quantifier interpretation,we should comprehensively adopt different interpretation methods,pay attention to the extended meaning and adopt a reasonable ranking method in the collection of meaning items;Cultural factors should be considered in quantifier examples,and the combination of phrase examples and sentence examples should be adopted.This paper has three appendices: One is the questionnaire on the use of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionary;Second,interviews on the use of Quantifiers in export-oriented Chinese dictionaries;The third is the example of quantifier compilation in the export-oriented Chinese dictionary.According to the research results and suggestions of this paper,18 quantifiers such as “班” and “层” are selected for learners with intermediate Chinese level. |
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