| In this paper,the relevant theories and research methods of grammar and pragmatic analysis are comprehensively used to analyze the forms,semantic categories and causes of subject-predicate inversion in modern Chinese spoken language.In order to promote the study of Chinese inversion,provide certain examples and values for the interface study of Chinese grammar and pragmatics,and also provide reference for Chinese teaching and Chinese information processing.In terms of composition forms,there are three forms of subject-predicate inversion in modern spoken Chinese:(1)Typical subject-predicate inversion,such as "tai dou le ni(太逗了你)";(2)The subject-predicate predicate sentences inversion,such as the normal sentence "ta taifeng hen wen a(她台风很稳啊)" is presented in the corpus as "ta hen wen a taifeng(她很稳啊台风)";(3)Subject-predicate inversion with phrases like "wo juede(我觉得)",such as "ni juede hen haowan ma(.)chufang(你觉得很好玩吗(.)厨房)".This paper makes a judgement of subject-predicate predicate sentence from the relationship between form and meaning and focuses on three kinds of subject-predicate inversion forms of subject-predicate predicate sentences.According to different syntactic structures,we also define whether phrases like "wo juede(我觉得)" are discourse markers.In terms of semantic subcategory,according to information structure,Levinson’ s information principle(the speaker’ s minimum amount of information in pursuit of communicative purposes)and economic principle,we point out that it is not the shift of focus or information element that makes subject-predicate inversion sentences express important information first,but the result of dynamic information organization.There are different expressive functions in subject-predicate inversion sentences,which are reflected by the subject at the end of the sentence under the influence of different speakers’ intentions.Accordingly,the inversion of subject-predicate in modern Chinese spoken language can be divided into three semantic subcategories:(1)The inversion of subject-predicate without intention to supplement,such as:"chile ma ni(吃了吗你)";(2)Intentionally additional subject-predicate inversions,such as:"shuoyixia zenmeyang(..)chiwan de ren(说一下怎么样(.)吃完的人)";(3)Special emphasis on the inversion of subject-predicate,such as:"shuo shui ne ni(说谁呢你)".The semantic features and information structure of the three subcategories are discussed,the sound intensity and speech pause are analyzed by Praat.Among them,the unintended complement type plays the role of subject display,the subject is the old information,the pronunciation is lightly read,and there is no pause in these sentences;Intentional addition plays a role of scope limitation,the subject is to activate information,the pronunciation is not lightly read,and whether there is a pause in sentences depends on whether there is a modal particle connection;Special emphasis plays an important role in highlighting.There are two focuses in the sentence.Subject is the focus of relative information.Phonetic rereading and pause still depend on the presence of modal particles.In terms of the causes,in a specific conversation environment,the first expression of the predicate is the embodiment of the speaker’s subjectivity,and most of the subjects can be omitted.The speaker’s retention of the subject at the end of a sentence,which can be omitted,is the embodiment of speaker’s intersubjectivity.Previous studies mainly believe that intersubjectivity involves both the speaker and the listener,but in fact there is a third party.Tantucci points out that intersubjectivity exists "speaker VS listener VS the third party".On this basis,we discuss four inter subjectivity realization scenarios of subject-predicate inversion in modern Chinese spoken language:"speaker VS third party" "speaker VS listener""speaker VS listener+the 3rd party" "speaker VS(listener VS the 3rd party)+the 3rd party".The intensity of intersubjectivity of these four realization scenarios increases in turn.We focus on explaining the speaker’s intersubjectivity in order to facilitate others to understand the content of discourse and promote turn-taking;In order to reflect respect for others,maintain others face and image;In order to achieve resonance,activate the close relationship between sentences,enhance the sense of situational and cultural integration,and close the pragmatic distance.The speaker retains the subject at the end of the sentence and forms the subject-predicate inversion.Finally,compared with the inversion of subject-predicate in modern Chinese written language,we highlight the characteristics of inversion of subject-predicate in spoken language:diversification of transformation forms,sudden and temporary formation of sentence patterns,and emphasis on interpersonal maintenance. |
