The Study On Subject-predicate Structure As Subject In Modern Chinese

It is a special phenomenon that the subject-predicate structure act as subject in modern Chinese, but no one has studied it in details. The paper describes the sentence pattern all-around based on the theory of Three Grammatical Aspects, Cognize Linguistics and Pragmatics Theory. At first it is compared with some relative patterns such as the common subject-predicate structure, serial verb structure, compound structure, and contraction structure, etc, because it has no grammatical marks. From the comparison, we can see the extrusive character of the pattern-the relation between the subject (S₁P₁) and predicate (P) is topic and statement. There are many strict restrictions in the sentence pattern. Generally speaking, it is nouns, adjectives, modal verbs, relative verbs, non-act verbs and some act verbs that serve as predicate, and they usually judge and describe the subject. The NV pattern has the strongest ability to play the role of subject among the subject –predicate structures. And all the patterns can appear in "shi"sentence structure. For syntax, the sentence pattern whose subject is acted as the subject-predicate structure embodies that there are levels in language. The S₁P₁ is a degraded event, and P and it are in different levels. For semantics, S₁P₁ has the character of substitute, which is decided by the position of the subject. For pragmatics, the topic is S₁P₁ and the statement is P in natural language, which embodies the principle of temporal sequence in Cognize Linguistics. Sometimes the talker may move up the object to the subject to emphasize it thus the sentence may be in special language.