Study On The Growth Characteristics And Quality Of 5 High-quality Lines Of Multiflora Yello

Polygonatum cyrtonema is a genus of Polygonatums.Mill.in the family Asparagaceae perennial herb,mainly used as a rhizome for medicine,not only has the effects of nourishing qi and nourishing the spleen,moisturizing the lungs,and benefiting the kidneys,but also has nutritional and edible value.In order to meet the richer application value and meet the current production needs,the selection of excellent strains is very important.In this study,five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema growing in the same habitat（labeled GDH,DH21,DH22,DH23 and DH24,respectively）were used as materials to study their phenological period,agronomic traits,biomass accumulation,antioxidant enzyme activity,photosynthetic physiological characteristics,medicinal components,nutrients,and mineral elements,which provided a theoretical reference for the screening of excellent strains.The main findings are as follows:（1）The phenological period of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema was not significantly different.The emergence period of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema was all in late March,the budding period was concentrated around mid-April,the first flowering period and full flowering period were concentrated in early May,the flowering period was concentrated in late May,the first fruit period and the full flowering period appeared almost at the same time,the flowering to fruiting time was very short,and the full fruit period appeared in late May,before the flowering period.From emergence to fruit ripening,the total number of days of the 5strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema was about 180d.（2）There were differences in agronomic traits of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema.The overall plant height showed a trend of first growth and then stability.The plant height of DH22 increased at 74.75 cm.There was no significant difference in stem diameter,number of leaves,number of fibrous roots,leaf length,and leaf width.DH22 has the largest fruit diameter of 7.84 mm,DH21 has the largest fruit diameter of 7.56 mm,DH21 has the largest number of fruits（about 33）.There were significant differences in biomass of polyflora in the five strains.The root-to-head ratio showed an overall upward process,reaching a maximum in August,and DH24increased the most,increasing by about 88.75%.DH24 had the largest dry weight per rhizome of 33.23g,the largest dry weight of the rhizome in the new segment,8.84g,the largest fresh weight of the new rhizome of GDH,33.74g,and the highest growth rate of the fresh weight of the new rhizome,70.55%.Comprehensive analysis of DH24 dry matter accumulation was the best.（3）There were significant differences in the photosynthetic characteristics of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema.GDH net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were the largest,DH22 intercellular CO₂concentration and instantaneous water utilization were the largest.Chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids and chlorophyll a+b all showed consistent changes,but GDH and DH21 showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing,while the remaining three strains showed a downward trend,carotenoids all showed a maximum in April,chlorophyll a/b all reached a maximum in July（Chlorophyll a/b are less than 3.0）,chlorophyll a content,chlorophyll b content,chlorophyll a+b content maximums appeared in April and June,and the corresponding strains were the same,GDH chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b content were the highest.DH23 carotenoids are the highest.（4）The biochemical indexes of antioxidant enzyme and malondialdehyde of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema were significantly different.Among them,the change of SOD content showed a decreasing trend as a whole,with the minimum values of GDH,DH21,DH22 and DH24 appearing in July,and the minimum values of DH23 appearing in August,while the first three periods of the maximum value were distributed.The minimum content of GDH appeared in May,while the remaining four strains appeared in April,the maximum content of DH22 appeared in June,the maximum content of GDH and DH21 appeared in July,and the maximum content of the remaining two strains appeared in August,and the activity of antioxidant enzymes varied greatly throughout the growth period.The overall trend of POD content increased and decreased,the minimum value was mainly concentrated in July,and the maximum value appeared in April.The overall trend of MDA content was decreasing,and the maximum value of the five strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema occurred in May,and the minimum value occurred in August.DH22 had the best overall performance in April,GDH had the best comprehensive performance in May,June and July,and DH24 had the best comprehensive performance in August,and DH22 had the best stress resistance in all periods.（5）Comparison of the quality ingredients of 5 strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema.Moisture,ash,heavy metals and harmful elements are compliant with the 2020pharmacopoeia.GDH extract,total flavonoids and total phenolic content were the highest,64.14%,0.14%and 0.04%,respectively,DH21 polysaccharide content was the highest,9.54%,and DH22 total saponin content was the highest,3.64%.DH22amino acids,starch and reducing sugar content was the largest,60.75μmol?g^-1,232.98g?kg^-1,17.37g?kg^-1,respectively,DH24 soluble sugar and soluble protein content was the largest,45.55g?kg^-1and 1.60g?kg^-1,respectively.Comparison of mineral element content of 5 strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema.DH23 has the highest N and K content,with 12.93g?kg^-1and 2.26g?kg^-1,respectively.DH21 has the highest Ca and P content,with 1.96g?kg^-1and 1.38g?kg^-1,respectively.DH24 has the highest Mg content,with 0.39g?kg^-1,and GDH has the highest Na content,with1.67g?kg^-1;The content of Fe and B is the highest in GDH,with 84.44mg?kg^-1and13.96mg?kg^-1,respectively.The content of Zn and Mn is the highest in DH23,with11.31mg?kg^-1and 79.64mg?kg^-1,respectively.（6）Comprehensive evaluation of 5 strains of Polygonatum cyrtonema.The comprehensive analysis of membership function showed that GDH had the best comprehensive performance in medicinal quality.DH22 had the best overall nutritional quality.DH23 mineral element content is the richest.DH24 production was the best performer.Based on the analysis of the above indicators,DH22>DH23>DH24>GDH>DH21,of which DH22 has the best comprehensive quality performance.The principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive performance of medicinal quality GDH was the best;The comprehensive performance of nutritional quality DH22 is the best;The comprehensive performance of mineral element DH23is the best;The comprehensive performance of yield GDH is the best.Comprehensive analysis shows that DH22>DH24>DH23>GDH>DH21 has the best performance.