| Polygonati Rhizoma is a dry rhizome of the genus Polygonatum in Liliaceae,which has been included in the first list of food and medicine substances by the Ministry of Public Health.The current edition of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" including the medicinal materials,such as Polygonatum sibiricum Delar.ex Redoute,Polygonatum kingianum Coll.et Hemsl and Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.Fibrous roots usually account for 15-20% of the total amount of rhizome,and are normally thrown away as waste during the processing of rhizome after harvesting,which is a huge waste of resources.In order to enlarge comprehensive utilization of rhizome resources,it is of great significance to carry out chemical composition research,quality evaluation and feasibility study of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua fibrous root.Hunan province is the main production area of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua.Under the background of the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,the industry of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua has become a highly concerned agricultural development project.At present,the research on Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua is mainly focuses on rhizome,and the research on fibrous root is almost blank.On the basis of the separation and identification of the main chemical components in the fibrous roots of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua produced in Hunan province,high pressure liquid chromatography(HPLC),gas chromatography(GC)and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry(UV)were used to detect functional components(saponins,flavonoids,polysaccharides)and nutrients(protein,hydrolyzed amino acids)in fibrous roots and rhizomes.Comparison and evaluation of fibrous root and rhizome raw products and processed;The effects of raw and processed fibrous root products on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality,antioxidant function,immune organs and immune performance of broilers were studied by dietary supplementation.The purpose of this study was to clarify the chemical composition and the quality difference between fibrous root and rhizome,and to explore the feasibility of fibrous root as feed additive for feeding white-feather broilers,and to provide scientific basis for comprehensive development and utilization of fibrous root resources.The main results are as follows:1.Isolation and structural identification of chemical constituents from fibrous roots of Polygonatum cyrtonema HuaEleven compounds were contained by solvent extraction,macroporous adsorption resin,liquid-liquid extraction,silica gel column chromatography,preparation-liquid chromatography.Three homoisoflavones were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance.They are 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-Dimethyl-3-(4 ’-hydroxybenzyl)-Chroman-4-one(1),5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-3-(2’-hydroxy-4 ’-methoxybenzyl)-chroman-4-one(2)and5,7-dihydroxy-3-(2 ’-hydroxy-4’-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dimethyl-Chroman-4-one(3),of which compound 3 was isolated from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua for the first time.2.Analysis of functional components and quality evaluation of raw and processed fibrous root and rhizome of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua:(1)The content of total saponins in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua samples was determined by UV,and the processed rhizome(1.90%)had the highest content;(2)The content of total flavonoids in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua samples was determined by UV,and the rhizome processed products(0.18%)had the highest content;Three homoisoflavone compounds were determined by HPLC,the highest content of compound 1 in raw fibrous root(0.605mg/g),the highest content of compound 2(0.102mg/g)and the highest content of compound 3(0.280mg/g)in processed fibrous root,and the lowest content of three homoisoflavone compounds in processed rhizome;(3)The content of total proteins in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua samples was determined by UV,and the raw rhizome(1.23%)had the highest content;The contents of 17 kinds of amino acids in the samples were detected by amino acid analyzer,and analyzed from four angles of essential amino acids,medicinal amino acids,branch chain amino acids and umami amino acids.The content of the processed fibrous root was the highest.(4)The content of total polysaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua samples was determined by UV,and the raw fibrous root(8.39%)had the highest content;The composition of polysaccharides in Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua samples was determined by GC,the results showed that the four samples contained rhamnose,arabinose,xylose,mannose,glucose and galactose.The total monosaccharide content of processed rhizome was the highest,followed by processed fibrous root.Comprehensive weighted scoring method was adopted.The results showed that the quality of processed fibrous root was better than that of raw fibrous root > raw rhizome > processed rhizome,and the quality of fibrous root was better after processing.3.Dietary supplementation was used to study the effects of raw and processed fibrous root of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on the growth of white-feather broilers.The results showed that:(1)The overall growth performance of the control group was better than that of the experimental group in the early feeding period,but the daily gain of the experimental group was generally higher than that of the control group in the later feeding period,and the steam group was the most significant(P < 0.05).The daily feed intake and feed to meat ratio were decreased in the processed group.(2)The immune organ indexes of experimental groups were improved in different degrees by adding each dose,and there was no significant difference between experimental group and control group in the early stage.The thymus index of high-dose group was significantly higher than that of low-dose group(P < 0.01),and the spleen index of low-dose group was significantly higher than that of medium-dose group(P < 0.05).There were no significant differences in liver and spleen indexes among groups at late stage,thymus index in low-dose group was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.01),and bursa of Fabricius index in high-dose group was significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.05).(3)The dressing percentage and abdominal fat percentage of broilers were significantly increased(P < 0.05),and the abdominal fat percentage of broilers in high dose and processed groups was significantly decreased(P < 0.01).Compared with the control group,the half-eviscerated percentage of broilers in medium and high dose groups was significantly increased(P < 0.05).The leg muscle percentage of high-dose group was slightly lower than that of other groups,but other indexes were better,indicating better meat quality.(4)In leg muscle mass,low dose group of a* is significantly higher than control group(P < 0.05),p H value lower the overall experimental group is better than that of control group,experimental group shear force is significantly higher than control group(P < 0.05),low,medium and high dose group significantly increased(P <0.01),the drip loss,high dose group was significantly lower than that of control group(P < 0.01).Pressure loss in high dose group was significantly lower than that in control group(P < 0.05).In terms of chest muscle quality,a* was increased in all of polyhuaxanthin fibrous root supplementation,and significantly increased in medium dose group and processed group(P < 0.05),but there was no significant difference between other experimental groups and control group.Compared with other groups,p H value was more stable,a* value was higher,drip loss value was significantly decreased(P < 0.05),and water strength and flavor of chicken were significantly improved when the medium dose of polyhuaxia rhizome was added.(5)In the early feeding period experiment,adding rhizoma polygonatum had no significant effect on SOD,and could significantly reduce the MDA value(P < 0.01).The T-AOC in medium and high dose groups and processed group was significantly decreased(P < 0.01),and the activity of GSH-Px in high dose group was significantly increased compared with the control group.In the later feeding period,the content of MDA was significantly increased(P < 0.01),and the activity of GSH-Px was significantly increased in low,high dose and processed groups(P <0.01).The activities of SOD and GSH-Px showed an overall downward trend from the early stage to the late stage,while the activities of MDA test group showed an upward trend.(6)In the early feeding period experiment,the serum Ig G content in experimental groups was lower than that in control group,and the difference was extremely significant in low and medium dose groups(P < 0.01).Ig M content in high dose group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group(P <0.01),Ig A content in low dose group and processed group was extremely significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.01).The content of C3 in medium dose group was not significantly different from that in control group,while the content of C4 in low-dose,medium-dose and processed groups was significantly higher than that in control group.In the later feeding period,Ig G content in experimental groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.01),low dose group and steaming group were significantly higher than that in control group(P < 0.05),serum Ig A content was significantly decreased in other groups except medium dose group and control group(P < 0.01),serum C3 and C4 contents were not different between experimental groups and control group.The high dose group had the highest C3 content,while the processed group had the highest C4 content.The supplementation of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua fibrous root can partially improve the immune globulin indexes of broilers,and the immune effect is better when the supplemental amount of raw fibrous root is medium dose.It can be used as a kind of high quality Chinese medicine additive when the medium dose of fibrous root raw product(2%)is added in combination with the growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality,serum antioxidant effect and immune performance of broilers. |
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