| The spring village of Yanshan Township,Wanzhou District,Chongqing,is one of the ten characteristic villages in Wanzhou,with an altitude of 700 metres above sea level,dense fog all year round,high vegetation coverage and a cool climate,making it an ideal place to grow organic tea.Yanshan Township black tea base existing 3000 mu of original organic woodland tea plantations,its tea tree species for the Sichuan small leaf group species,the age of the trees are 50-60 years,due to the perennial farmers planting tea tree knowledge is insufficient,resulting in tea garden soil fertility decline,and tea tree quality and yield decline,etc..Therefore,improving the soil environment of the tea plantations and improving the quality and yield of the tea leaves has become an urgent problem for the tea plantations today.To investigate the effects of different microbial fertilizers on soil properties and tea quality in tea gardens,three microbial fertilizers were selected for application in this study,namely tea general purpose fertilizer,solid tea-specific fertilizer and liquid tea-specific fertilizer,using the inter-root soil of tea trees and the first shoot and second leaf of tea trees in the tea garden area under the tea gardens as the research objects.The experiment chose to apply three different microbial fertilisers,while no fertiliser was applied as the control group.The dynamic changes in soil properties and tea yield and quality of the tea plantation were monitored in each month,and the physicochemical indexes of the inter-root soil of the tea plantation and the enzyme activity of the tea plantation soil were measured to explore the effects of applying different microbial fertilisers on the soil properties of the tea plantation,and then by measuring the quality indexes of the tea leaves,the tea leaves treated with different microbial fertilisers were The finished tea leaves were made according to the enterprise standard of tea plantations,and the substances contained in them were measured and finally sensory reviewed to synthesise the effects of the physical and chemical indexes of tea garden soil and different microbial fertilisers on the content of free amino acids,tea polyphenols,caffeine,tea water extracts and soluble sugars in tea leaves,so as to analyse the advantages of the three microbial fertilisers and provide suggestions for the later fertiliser application and production in tea plantations,and to better improve the Soil environment and tea quality.The experimental results show that:(1)Different microbial fertilisers had different degrees of effect on the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil.Compared with the blank treatment,all three microbial fertilisers could improve the soil acidity of the tea garden.The microbial bacterial treatment had a significant effect on the organic matter content of the tea plantation soil,while the general-purpose microbial fertilizer treatment had a similar effect to the solid microbial fertilizer treatment.The general-purpose microbial fertiliser treatment had no significant effect on the change in soil fast-acting potassium content,while the microbial fungicide treatment had the most significant effect,with an increase of 68.88% compared to the blank control group.This was followed by the solid microbial fertiliser treatment,which increased by 43.77%compared to the control treatment.All fertiliser treatments had higher soil fast-acting N content than the blank control treatment,and reached a significant difference level.The largest increase in soil fast-acting N content was found in the microbial fungicide treatment compared to the blank treatment,followed by the solid microbial fertiliser treatment and the general purpose microbial fertiliser,but the difference between the three was not significant.The soil fast-acting phosphorus content of the different fertiliser treatments showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,and the fast-acting phosphorus content of all the soil treatments was higher than that of the blank treatment,but the difference between the three treatments was not significant.General microbial fertiliser treatment,solid microbial fertiliser treatment and microbial bacterial agent treatment increased by 54.91%,19.35% and 48.3%respectively compared to the blank control.(2)The effect of microbial fertilizer application on the activity of soil enzymes in the soil environment varied.In the different microbial fertilizer treatment groups,the variation in soil protease activity showed seasonal differences,with the three microbial fertilizer treatment groups enhancing 23.01%,80.65% and 97.85%,respectively,compared to the blank treatment group.All three microbial fertilizers enhanced soil urease activity in tea plantations to different degrees.Among them,the general microbial fertilizer treatment increased 26.52% compared to the blank treatment.The solid microbial fertilizer treatment increased by 40.39% compared with the blank treatment.The microbial fertilizer treatment increased by 82.67%compared to the blank treatment.The effect of different microbial fertilizers on soil phosphatase activity in tea plantations showed a stable trend of increasing and then decreasing,among which the phosphatase activity in tea plantations treated with general purpose microbial fertilizers reached its maximum in April,with an increase of 33.94% compared with the blank treatment.The solid microbial fertilizer treatment increased by 56.96% compared with the blank treatment.The microbial fertiliser treatment increased by 64.99% compared to the blank treatment.(3)There are both promoting and inhibiting effects between the quality components of tea leaves and the physicochemical characteristics of tea garden soil.Increasing fast-acting nutrients can increase the free amino acid,water leachate and tea polyphenol contents in tea leaves,and the correlation between soil urease and tea quality indicators in tea garden is not significant.Taken together,the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the tea garden soil promoted tea quality improvement.The sensory evaluation scores of tea leaves after the three microbial fertilizer treatments were higher than those of the blank group without microbial fertilizer treatment,and the overall evaluation scores were 8.3% higher in the microbial fungicide treatment compared with the blank treatment.This is consistent with the conclusion that the free amino acid content of the tea leaves under the microbicide treatment was higher than that of the other treatments.The results of the study showed that the application of microbial fertilizers could improve the soil properties and tea quality to varying degrees,with the application of mycorrhizal microbial fertilizers being the most significant in improving the indicators.Tea quality indicators were significantly correlated with soil physical and chemical characteristics(P < 0.05),and tea quality indicators were highly correlated with sensory quality indicators(P < 0.01). |
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