Utilization Of Grassland Resources In Turpan During The Late Qing Dynasty And The Republic Of Chin

Grassland is an area of vegetation and its growing area that can be used for grazing or mowing.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,the most northwestern part of China and the largest province in China,ranks the fourth in natural grassland area in China,while Turpan region has always been the last one among all regions in Xinjiang.Located to the south of Tianshan Mountain,Turpan region has a typical continental warm temperate desert climate with high temperatures in summer,little rain in winter and low temperatures.The lack of water resources makes grassland exist not only as a kind of agricultural natural resources,but also as a means of production for human beings to operate animal husbandry,while playing an important role in people’s daily life,its economic benefits have an important impact on local national economy.This paper uses the collection of Xinjiang archives in Qing Dynasty,the archives of the Republic of Turfan published by the China Open Archives Sharing Platform.Combined with the records of other documents,the distribution,ownership changes,economic benefits and utilization order of grassland resources in Turpan during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China were analyzed.By analyzing the utilization process of grassland in Turpan area in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China,the paper explores the operation of traditional southern Xinjiang society.The first chapter discusses the distribution and utilization of grassland resources in Turpan area in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.After analyzing the natural geography and historical evolution of Turpan area and combining with relevant records,this paper summarizes the changes in the distribution and attribution of grassland in Turpan County in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.The author believes that during the Reign of Emperor Guangxu,Turpan began to gradually recover the pasture owned by the Jun Wang,and this process was completed in the Republic of China.On the other hand,Turpan used the value of the grassland to attract the public to inherit the official shops,which all increased the local fiscal revenue.Chapter two discusses the economic benefits of Turpan grassland in the Republic of China.The author thinks that the existence of grassland makes the tax types of Turpan rich,and occupies an important proportion in the local income.Yang Zengxin established a reasonable order of grassland utilization by perfecting the taxation method,which enabled the collection of sheep tax on grassland to proceed in an orderly manner.The third chapter discusses the disputes of Turpan grassland in the Republic of China and explores the utilization order of grassland from the dispute settlement.The author thinks that the new order of grassland formulated by the Turpan during the Republic of China has the following characteristics:one is "to accept officials";the other is "to adjust measures according to local conditions".Different functions of grassland represent different ways of taxation and utilization,which require local officials to make specific analysis based on the actual situation.The conclusion part of the author of the full text of the content of the promotion summary.Taking Turpan pasture resources during the period of the Republic of China as the breakthrough point,to pasture use related events as the main body,the author discusses the process,Turpan related economic order and using order of formulation and implementation,to try to outline the years of the Republic of China using the process of Turpan pasture,the traditional southern Xinjiang oasis in the early 20th century show the running status of the society.The author believes that due to the special geographical position of Turpan Basin,the abundant melting water of ice and snow and underground water in Tianshan Mountain,together with sufficient light and heat,have an important impact on the livelihood of the nation.Compared with the desert oasis in the Tarim Basin in southern Xinjiang,the grassland resources in Turpan enable the local people to carry out the production mode of both animal husbandry and agriculture,develop diversified subsidiary industries,give birth to its unique social culture,and show the specific situation of the traditional oasis society in southern Xinjiang.