| Agriculture in the Qing Dynasty continued to develop under the support of such factors as the increase of cultivated land area,the introduction of new crops,the system of multi-cropping,the construction of irrigation and water conservancy,and the general popularization of agronomic techniques.During the period of Jiaqing and Daoguang,agricultural labor productivity and a number of per capita production began to deteriorate.As an important part of the development of agriculture and agronomy,ancient agriculture books was a record of agronomic techniques,an important carrier of agricultural promotion,and an important embodiment of the level of agronomy.Agricultural books in the Qing Dynasty were shaped by political atmosphere,economic level,social environment,and academic style of scholars,presenting outstanding and diverse text forms,such as the emergence of a large number of agricultural books on locusts,agricultural books on district fields,and agricultural books on sericulture.The characteristics of agriculture and politics in agricultural books in Qing Dynasty made the technology in agricultural books connected with education,culture and power,which constituted a unique technological landscape in traditional society.As an important knowledge representation of academic evolution,showed a remarkable stage.Based on this,it is necessary for this paper to carry out a comprehensive sorting,systematic examination and case study of the agricultural books of the Qing Dynasty from the perspective of literature,technology and academic research.The category of agricultural books in Qing Dynasty is defined from the perspective of philology,and the agronomy concept is explored based on the official and private catalogues of Qing Dynasty.Firstly,The number of the revised catalogue of agricultural books in the Qing Dynasty is reduced from 1428 to 468.Through the author’s supplement,the number of agricultural books are 757 books probably.Secondly,11 kinds of rare agricultural books were introduced,and 10 kinds of agricultural books in Chinese Agricultural Records were further researched.Finally,10 kinds of valuable lost books are collected.The "Catalogue of Agricultural books in Qing Dynasty" has systematically sorted out the agricultural books in the context of this paper,summarized the description,arrangement and photocopying of relevant agricultural books,and reviewed the latest research achievements of agricultural books in the academic circle,including some preliminary findings and immature ideas of the author on the textual research of agricultural books in the Qing Dynasty.Based on the technical aspects carry out thematic research.Firstly,the special study of the outianfa.It was found that the district farmland method in Qing Dynasty became a kind of "technological utopia" for high yield by remolding the district farmland technology since Han Dynasty.However,the outianfa failed to achieve the expected economic benefits.The local gentry completed the connection between technology and power through the outianfa,which made the property of agricultural administration shine brilliantly,and presented a unique landscape of technological education in the construction of grass-roots order and local governance.Secondly,the study of flower books.Guangqunfangpu and Huajing open up two paths for the creation of flower books: one is the macro-value orientation of the imperial government’s;another is the value purport of "economic and neo-confucianism".The choice of flower books technology is difficult to break away from the aesthetic standard of pleasing to the eye and famous flower complex,and the limitation of technical expression is that the text is more important than the picture.In the social network between scholars,scholars and farmers,and scholars and businessmen,the communication,updating and dissemination of flower technology can hardly break through the boundary of class,and it is difficult to move into modern transformation.Thirdly,a study of the book about "birds,beasts,insects and fish" in Qing Dynasty.This books on the classical zoological knowledge system classification and correction,to build a knowledge content,materialized,and cultural values of the natural.The historical experience of the encounter between western zoological knowledge and traditional Chinese knowledge of "birds,beasts,insects and fish" shows that the extent and depth of the introduction of foreign knowledge into China depends on the acceptance degree of traditional knowledge paradigm.Fourthly,the study of Qing Dynasty yueling books.On the one hand,for government official macro refined orientation.On the other hand,for the local squire of comment knowledge,incised by the people’s livelihood of farmers principle,formed to guide the agricultural economy in the area of micro purport.Gradually returning to the experience from practice became the dominant orientation of yueling,and agricultural practice,life experience and peasant proverbs became the fresh knowledge.As a technical support,silkworm artisans,weavers,cocoon merchants and employers depend on each other,forming the initial form of traditional handicraft workshops.The transplanted textile technology laid the technological foundation for the transformation of Guizhou handicraft industry from the dependent economy under traditional agriculture to the modern factory handicraft industry.It not only improved the livelihood of the people,but also realized the technological and economic transition of the textile industry.From the perspective of academic evolution,this paper investigates the characteristics of stages and integrity of the development of agriculture books in Qing Dynasty.As the knowledge base of the changes of academic history,the emergence of important agricultural books is closely related to the changes of academic history.The emergence and development of agriculture books is not only guided by an economic main line,but also by an important academic clue.Firstly,this paper investigates the situation of the "farmland for agriculture" and the agricultural writing of the adherents of Ming Dynasty,and analyzes the influence of the agricultural complex and academic character on the development of agricultural science and the writing of agricultural books in Qing Dynasty.Case study of Liu Yingtang suoshannongpu,points out its language characteristic,complete writing style,reflect the agriculture productions landscape etc.Case study of Lu Shiyi and his writings on agriculture,such as the technical system of regional farmland law and the thought of irrigation and water conservancy,etc.Secondly,study the textology method of Qianjia scholars on the research situation.It highlights the unique embodiment of academic purport of Qianjia textual research in the field of agriculture.Finally,the publication and reading of agricultural books under the background of western learning spreading to the east in the late Qing Dynasty are investigated.On the one hand,printed traditional agricultural books to abide by the old school;On the other hand,the compilation of western new knowledge to innovate the old knowledge.Official and private publishing institution in the choice and transformation of old and new agriculture knowledge,focus on the traditional agricultural books and modern agricultural books,all kinds of books published by several times more,initially formed by the knowledge Shared by the text reading groups,accordingly,agronomy textbooks and agronomy newspapers also entered the public reading field of vision,makes agronomy knowledge spread. |
