A Study Of Pronouns In Zhushan Dialect

Through field research,the author collected language materials and classified them,described the basic form and meaning of each personal pronoun in Zhushan dialect,and found that although there is only one singular form of three body pronouns,the plural form is rich,with the plural mark "men",the quasi dual mark "liang er",and the small number mark "jier",each of which is different and unique.We conducted a sentence entry examination on these number category markers,explored and described their syntactic expression and syntactic environment,and revealed that the number category markers present in Zhushan dialect are the result of grammaticalization.Subsequently,relevant research was conducted on the demonstrative pronouns in Zhushan dialect.According to the current classification standards,the demonstrative pronouns in Zhushan dialect have been divided into two categories,including near and far.According to the morphemes of word formation,they are divided into the "zhe" and "na" families,with "zhe" forming the proximal pronoun system of Zhushan dialect and "na" forming the distal pronoun system of Zhushan dialect.Based on the investigation of the referents in the sentence from five categories: individual,location,time,degree,and quantity,a detailed description of the sentence form and syntactic expression was conducted.It was found that there is a phenomenon of deictic meaning virtualization in the demonstrative pronouns of Zhushan dialect,which leads to the non ontological referential use of demonstrative pronouns.The non ontological referential usage here mainly refers to wandering referents and inclusive referents,and the demonstrative pronouns that gave rise to these usages were also examined in the sentence to explore their syntactic expression.It was also discovered that the demonstrative pronouns in Zhushan dialect have expanded their demonstrative categories due to the expansion of time,space,and psychological categories.The metaphorical projection of the distance that originally existed in the spatial category into the temporal and psychological categories brings about the indicative meaning of time distance and proximity of demonstrative pronouns,as well as the indicative connotation of distance and proximity of psychological categories.Finally,a detailed description was given of the interrogative pronouns in Zhushan dialect.According to the different morphemes of word formation,the interrogative pronouns in Zhushan dialect were divided into the "which" series,"" mo "series," ji"series,and" hao "series.Based on the different pronouns used in interrogative questioning,this paper investigates the syntactic expression of interrogative pronouns in Zhushan dialect from the perspectives of people,things,places,time,quantity,degree,methods,reasons,and conditions.It has been found that interrogative pronouns in Zhushan dialect have non interrogative usages in addition to their own interrogative referents,mainly including arbitrary referents,empty referents,and rhetorical questions.And the interrogative pronouns containing these usages were examined for sentence entry,exploring their mechanism of sentence entry.The above research on pronouns in Zhushan dialect can fill some gaps in the study of Jianghuai Mandarin,and also provide reference for the study of the attribution of Zhushan dialect.