The Pronoun System Of Shang Cai Dialect

Shangcai dialect pronoun system includes personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun and interrogative pronoun three subsystems.In Shangcai dialect there is little difference among the use of the first-personal pronouns.But there are some differences between Shangcai dialects and Mandarin,which includes not only the tone value,but also the form.Mandarin commonly used first-person plural Women(我们),Zanmen(�'�们)and An men(俺们),but the Shangcai dialect has not the suffix men(们).In Shang Cai dialect, An(俺) sometimes does not refer to the speaker himself, but refers to the speaker’s children. In Mandarin, the word de(的)can not appeared between the pronoun wo(我) and the relatives in spoken Chinese, but in written language can do this. However, the pronoun wo(我) Shangcai has not the expression at all.There are only two second personal pronouns in Shangcai dialect, that is ni(你) and nen(恁). In Mandarin, nin(您) is often used to show respect to others, but nen(恁)has not honour or not at all in Shangcai dialect, either expressing singular or plural.There is a second person plural pronoun nimen(你们),occasionally also can appear nenmen(您们)in Mandarin,but corresponding expression in Shangcai dialect are only nen(恁)or“nen(恁)+number(quantity)”structure.The differences of the third-person pronouns between Shangcai dialect and Mandarin are smaller,mainly in pronunciation,plurality or two aspects.In Shangcai dialect,there are differences among the personal pronouns ziji(自己),zijia(自家)and ziger(自个儿).The feature word pangbian(旁边)in Shangcai dialect dose not be used in Mandarin,it is different from the word bieren(别人)and pangren(旁人)of Mandarin.In the demonstrative pronoun system between Shangcai dialect and Mandrin,the usage of the word zhe(这)and na(那)referring to things is the most consistent.Referring to the time of the zhehuier(这会儿)and nahuier(那会儿)are commonly used,there is no speaker individual differences.Zhen[tau]wanzi(镇[tau]晚子)and neng[tau]wanzi(能[tau]晚子)are used mainly by the elder,and two words have presented the decay trend.The demonstrative pronouns of referring to time and space words in Shangcai dialect is far richer than Mandarin. The demonstrative pronouns of referring to the way and degree in Mandrin and Shangcai dialect belong to two different vocabulary system completely. Especially the demonstrative pronouns referring to the degree, Shangcai dialects have the diversity expression, and with clear ancient phenomenon. It is not necessarily corresponding between the demonstrative pronouns of referring and nearly referring in Shangcai dialects.The interrogative pronouns in Shangcai dialect have differences of voice and forms to the same-meaning word in Mandarin, but these different words have the same meaning and function. Although some interrogative pronouns written form is the same as Mandarin, but their meanings are utterly different.