Research On The Jie Bu System Of The Southern Song Dynasty

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty,a system called Jie Bu(借补)was produced in the midst of war,or it can be said that it was an emergency measure due to military affairs,and gradually developed into a fixed system in the Southern Song Dynasty,where wars were frequent.The Jie Bu system is one of the forms of rewarding military merit,and actually it is an extension of the expedients(便宜)granted to generals by the emperor during the war at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty.In the late Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,the central government gradually lost control of the localities,and the war was urgent,and it was difficult for the imperial court edict to be issued in time,so the emperor gave local army generals the right to make some decisions by themselves,allowing them to exercise power within a certain range,including allowing local army generals to grant Jie Bu certificates(借补公据)to those who have meritorious service in the army and those who has military capabilities in the folk,and mobilize the enthusiasm of soldiers by Jie Bu official seniority(借补官资).Because of the informal and temporary nature of the grant,it is called"Jie Bu",and the target of the loan can make a declaration and request official offer according to the relevant public documents,and the head of the military institution in the place where the target person belongs collects the loan Jie Bu certificate,and issues provides the meritorious certificate of for the loan official,and then the official submits it to the three provinces and the Privy Council,at last the target person becomes an official court official if pass the review.The formation and development process of the Jie Bu can be divided into three stages:the formation period-the flood period-the decline period,which is closely related to the political and military situation in different periods of the Southern Song Dynasty.Because of different reasons,the Jie Bu name is divided into four categories,which are military merit type(军功型),Gui zheng type(归正型),Zhao an type(招安型)and other types that are inconvenient to classify,and the procedures for becoming official officers with different names are also different.The official funds borrowed are mainly low-level official seniority,and a small number of Jie Bu officers make military merits for war planning,or they are borrowed from the rank of sergeant and are borrowed to supplement the civilian rank.In addition,starting from the typical case of Yue Fei receiving Jie Bu many times,the operation process of the Jie Bu is dynamically displayed,and the subject and object that appear in the process are analyzed.Finally,starting from specific cases,and analyzing the gains and losses of the Jie Bu from the three aspects of politics,military and local management,the Jie Bu did play a role in supplementing the military personnel and boosting morale in the wartime state of the Southern Song Dynasty,but it did not continue to play its good role under the historical conditions at that time,what’s more it became a burden that accelerated the chaos of local government affairs in the Southern Song Dynasty,increased the financial burden of the imperial court,disordered and destroyed the official system of the Southern Song Dynasty,and seriously impacted the centralization of power and finally had to be abolished.