| Normal college system refers to the higher normal education system implemented by the Ministry of Education of Nanjing National Government from 1938 to 1949.During this period,higher normal education institutions were named after "Normal College".After the reform of the school system in 1922,the movement of "the reform of higher Normal Universities" arose,and higher normal schools were merged or reorganized into ordinary universities one after another.By 1931,there was only one normal university in China,National Peiping Normal University,and higher normal education lost its independent status.In the years before the Anti-Japanese War,the shortage of teachers in secondary schools was becoming more and more serious because there was no educational institution to uniformly train teachers in secondary schools.In July 1938,in order to solve the serious shortage of teachers in the provinces and cities in the rear area,the Ministry of Education of the National Government issued the Regulations of Normal Colleges based on the pre-war experience of developing higher teachers education in National Beiping Normal University,preliminarily establishing the system of normal colleges.The Normal college system stipulates that the normal college takes the training of secondary school teachers as its purpose,differentiates its departments by subjects of the secondary school.These departments can be set up independently or attached to ordinary universities.Thus,the independent system of higher normal education was restored.At the same time,the normal district system was renewed,and normal colleges were assigned the responsibility of tutoring local secondary education.During the seven years Chen Lifu was in charge of the Ministry of Education,he held several national conferences on normal education and constantly improved and refined the normal college system.Relying on the relocation of colleges,11 normal colleges have been set up in the southwest and northwest areas.The number of normal university students increased rapidly through the relief program for exiled students and unified entrance examinations for national colleges.Because of holding different ideas of normal education,Zhu Jiahua,who succeeded the Minister of Education in 1944,immediately reformed the normal college system,promulgated the Measures to Improve Normal Colleges,stipulating that normal college attached to ordinary universities only retain two departments which are education and physical education.To a certain extent,this regulation had impact on the independent system of normal education.After 1945,with the development of the post-war educational re-employment movement,the normal college system was promoted from the rear to the whole country.By 1948,15 normal colleges had been set up in different districts.The operation of the normal college system has microscopically reshaped the pattern of higher normal education in China,and trained a group of excellent teachers in secondary schools.The effective combination of the normal college system and the unified entrance examination system promotes the realization of the goal of "controlled education" of the national government,and reflects the characteristics of "nationalization" of the normal college system.Taking Northwest National Normal College as the representative,normal colleges are actively training secondary school teachers for provinces and cities.At the same time,they are trying to explore ways to guide local secondary education and carry out various tutoring activities,which reflects the characteristics of "localization" of education services.Of course,there are still some problems in the operation of the normal college system.On the whole,due to the rapid development of secondary education,the great demand for teachers and the low salary of teachers,the normal college system has failed to solve the problem of teacher shortage in secondary schools.Restricted by various conditions,the activities of teachers’ colleges to guide local secondary education are still in the exploratory stage. |
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