Study On The Department Of Education In Yunnan In The Late Qing Dynasty

During the last ten years of the Qing Dynasty,the Qing Dynasty encountered unprecedented internal and external crises and launched a "New Deal" covering all aspects of domestic and foreign affairs,in which the new education played an important role as the "mother of all things".Under the leading idea that middle school was for the purpose of learning from the West,the Qing Dynasty constantly introduced western experience in political reform and replaced the traditional imperial examination system by establishing a new education system.Through constant explorations and attempts,the department of education promotion eventually became the first independent full-time educational administrative organization in the late Qing Dynasty.Yunnan is isolated in the southwest frontier,where the land is barren and the people are poor,and the culture develops late.At the end of the Qing Dynasty,Yunnan is faced with profound internal and external troubles.Its demand for culture and education is even greater than that of other provinces.From the official operation of the Department in March of the 33 th year of Guangxu to the outbreak of the Chongjiu Uprising in September of the third year of Xuantong,the department presided over the affairs of Yunnan studies for five years,which had a far-reaching influence,but had not received special attention from the academic circles for a long time.The establishment of its institutions is mainly composed of the Minister of education,the school Affairs office,the provincial inspection office,the Education Promotion Office,Yunnan Education Official Newspaper,etc.Compared with other provinces,one of the major characteristics of the department of education in Yunnan is the stability of the Minister of education.In the late Qing Dynasty,Yunnan’s new education began in the 29 th year of Guangxu,but there was no independent full-time department of education for a long time.As a result,Yunnan’s new education had no key points in school regulation,curriculum setting,teacher management and other aspects,which was criticized by the Imperial court.The Department of Education in Yunnan is controlled by the governor of Yunnan Province,but it also directly inherits the central Department.It has the characteristics of dividing departments and governing affairs,and has changed the previous system of Yunnan Colleges and Universities and Education Affairs Office as Education affairs organizations.It is not only the historical node that connects Yunnan’s new education from the beginning to the development and the final results in the late Qing Dynasty,but also the change of the latter from disorder to consolidation.The achievement of education has turned from mediocre to commendable.After the establishment of the Yunnan Department of Education,in accordance with the reality of Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty,the department carried out a drastic overhaul of Yunnan education affairs,established the focus of both normal education and industrial education,at the same time,vigorously expanded the education funds,strengthened the utilization and management of academic funds,and made timely adjustments to the provincial capital and the education affairs of each branch with the changes of the current situation in Yunnan and even the whole country.The Department of Education in Yunnan changed the decadent state of "self-centered atmosphere" of education affairs in Yunnan and brought it into the track of national integration.In just five years,the number of schools increased continuously,the new education system was basically formed,the talent training achieved initial results,the social atmosphere was gradually opened,and the newstyle education was introduced to the border areas.At the same time,the Department of Education in Yunnan is also faced with such practical difficulties as education fund shortage and "old people running new schools".With the flourishing of new policies and the urgency of preparing for Constitutional Government it has to meet the institutional dilemma of difficult connection between the urgent policy instructions from the top and the specific handling of academic affairs.Under the administration of the Secretary of Education,the education affairs of Yunnan have made great progress,but the deficiencies such as the eager development of education affairs and the unbalanced development of provincial capitals and the education affairs of each subordinate have been exposed.The Department of Education in Yunnan Province was an extension of the educational administration system in Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty,with the ultimate aim to save the crumbling autocratic rule of the Qing Dynasty.Objectively speaking,through the preparation of new education,the Department of Education in Yunnan strengthened the integrity of Yunnan as the southwest frontier and the interior.On the basis of promoting the modernization of Yunnan education,it also deepened the local awareness that Yunnan shared the destiny with China in the process of shaping the people and opening up the people’s wisdom,and unexpectedly promoted the historical revolution in Yunnan in the late Qing Dynasty.