| Bauman is an important and influential thinker who deeply explore "modernity" and "post modernity" in contemporary times.The reflection on the issue of individualization is one of the most important themes throughout his complex and changeable long ideological exploration process.Bauman’s thought of individualization was influenced by thinkers such as Zimmer and Beck,and on this basis,he made original interpretations.From the perspective of individualization,Bauman reflects on the fate and situation of individuals in "modernity","postmodernism",and "liquid modernity",reflects on the profound dilemmas and contradictions that individuals face in the contemporary world,and seeks solutions to overcome these dilemmas and contradictions and achieve individual freedom and dignity.Reflecting on the survival circumstances of individuals in "modernity","post modernity",and " liquid modernity" from the perspective of individualization is the main thread running through Bauman’s "fragmentated" thought.Bauman supposes that the intention of the political and ethical order in modern society is to create a rational and orderly society in which individuals can achieve autonomy.However,due to its inherent contradictions,the political order in modern society suppresses the moral responsibilities and values inherent in individuals,resulting in the loss of autonomy for individuals,resulting in a profound conflict between individual autonomy and the political and ethical order.Baumann revealed a set of tools needed to create social and political order,namely,intellectuals,as legislators and "gardeners",use the power granted by the state to conduct educational activities,establish a sound social system,awaken individual moral care,and strengthen the discipline and management of individuals,as well as the monitoring and control of society.This is a comprehensive political and ethical order that seeks to legalize violence,supported by the symbiotic relationship between knowledge and power,resulting in a contradiction between political order and individual autonomy.The most extreme manifestation of this contradiction is the massacre of modernity,in which individuals are treated inhuman and lose freedom and dignity.Therefore,the pursuit of modern political and ethical order is not successful,which leads to individuals being re embedded in a contradictory political and ethical order,resulting in paradoxes.With the deepening understanding of modern society,Bauman’s cognition of modern society has extended to the investigation of the phenomenon of "post modernity"."Post modernity" has enabled individuals to gain autonomy and new liberation from the modern political and ethical order,in which consumer individuals have "freedom to choose",at the same time individual differences are gradually accepted and embraced.On the flip side,individuals in the context of "post modernity" are also facing new crises and challenges.The identity of individuals has developed into instability and insecurity.The change in the social status of intellectuals from legislators to interpreters has led to confusion and confusion.Individuals are also facing a series of moral crises,losing their trusted authority.Faced with the new risks of "post modernity",Bauman explored solutions to achieve social justice through the establishment of "for the other" morality,combining autonomous individuals with the realization of human solidarity,and building a good society.With the extension of globalization since the 21 th century,Bauman began to use the concept of " liquid modernity" to describe the changes of human society under the conditions of globalization.In his view,"globalization" is actually "the modernity of mobility".With the development of globalization,capital and politics have gained freedom of movement worldwide.In contrast,the social structure of a nation state hovers on the brink of collapse and deconstruction,mainly manifested in the segregation of time and space,as well as the dissociate of capital and politics.The deconstruction of the nation state has also greatly changed the control mode of society and the survival situation of individuals.The suppressed individuals have gradually been liberated from the "iron cage" of modern order and are striving to achieve their individualization in different ways.However,this individualization is seduced and dominated by consumer desire,presenting characteristics of uncertainty and insecurity.Individualization in the context of mobile modernity has fallen into multiple dilemmas,facing phenomena,for example,the public sphere is weaken,the marginalization of the new poor,political alienation of individuals from the collective,and moral indifference.Therefore,while realizing freedom and dignity,individuals yearn for various warm and stable forms of community,yearn for a true community,and thus overcome the dilemma of individualization in " liquid modernity".Zygmunt Bauman has continuously deepened his analysis and think deeply on individuals in the modern and contemporary world from the perspective of individualization,reflecting his concern for the fate,situation,and encounter of individuals in the real society.Bauman’s thought of individualization has a deep dialogue space with Marx’s philosophical theory of personal development in reality,and it also has important enlightening significance for the healthy development of Chinese society. |
