Research On Rainer Forst’s "Critical Tolerance" Theory

Tolerance is a concept full of internal contradictions.In order to realize tolerance,people need to adopt intolerance to people,things and ideas,which leads to the paradox of tolerance.Since there is no clear definition,the concept of tolerance in conflict can be understood in multiple dimensions.In order to eliminate the uncertainty of the concept of tolerance,Rainer Forst solved the following problems: first,to overcome the inherent paradox of the concept of tolerance itself;second,to criticize the concept of tolerance as "permission","coexistence" and "respect" that lacks substantive equality;third,to clear up the concept of tolerance that relies on external forces without normative norms in the history;And on this basis,based on the "Theory of Justice",reconstructs a "Critical Notions of Tolerance".This paper takes Forst’s solution to the concept of tolerance and reconstruction of the critical concept of tolerance based on the "Theory of Justice" as the basic clue.The first chapter illustrates the theoretical basis of "Critical Notions of Tolerance",and elaborates the paradigm evolution of four generations of critical theory from Adorno’s "Negative Dialectics" to Forst’s normative theory of "Theory of Justice" from the perspective of the kinship of the academic background of Forst’s "Critical Notions of Tolerance".The second chapter analyzes the theoretical framework of "Critical Notions of Tolerance" and determines the critical object,core content and value purport of "Critical Notions of Tolerance".The third chapter explains the multiple debates on "Critical Notions of Tolerance" in academic circles.Chapter four explores the practical value and extension of "Critical Notions of Tolerance".As a normative theory,the "Critical Notions of Tolerance" constructed by Forst can not only be implemented in the real social and political context to criticize the behavior or belief of intolerance or conflict,but also to criticize the concept of tolerance itself,whether because of the historical form of the concept of tolerance or the paradox of tolerance formed as a pluralistic ethical value.