A Study On Advanced Chinese Rhetoric Teaching

With the booming development of international Chinese language education,there are many researches in various aspects.The research on teaching rhetoric to advanced Chinese learners is mainly focused on four aspects:the study of rhetorical errors of international students based on the corpus,the study on application about single figure of speech of international students,the study on the teaching figures of speech,the study on the rhetorical layout of mainstream textbooks,but the research about teaching Chinese rhetoric to Pakistani advanced Chinese learners is still vacant.The author has conducted a questionnaire and a pre-test on Pakistani advanced Chinese learners,found that they lacked rhetorical knowledge,and they were confused about concepts of figures of speech.In addition,they only could use a few kinds of figures of speech,sometimes just a single figure of speech.About the language background of Pakistani advanced Chinese learners,they can not only speak Urdu but also English.After comparatively analysing figures of speech about Urdu and Chinese,also English and Chinese,then found that eleven kinds of figures of speech in Urdu are the same as Chinese figures of speech,namely,metaphor,per-objification(the abbreviation of personification and objectification),rhetorical question,antithesis,parallelism,irony,quotation,synecdoche,hyperbole and euphemism;there are nine kinds of figures of speech in both English and Chinese,namely,irony,rhetorical question,parallelism,metaphor,perobjification,hyperbole,anadiplosis and euphemism.Based on the learners’ level,a rhetorical syllabus has been developed,and a special rhetorical course has been designed in both macro and micro perspectives.In the course of teaching,the author analyzed the collected corpus and compared the results of pre-test with post-test.It was found that learners’ rhetorical distinguishing and practical ability has improved to varying degrees through the special rhetorical course.About the fifteen kinds of figures of speech,eleven kinds are essential for learners to master.Quotation,simile,rhetorical question,hyperbole,parallelism and euphemism have been mastered well by learners,per-objification,irony and another kind of rhetorical question have been mastered moderately,while they haven’t mastered how to use antithesis and synecdoche.Learners used more metaphor and per-objification in sentences,but less hyperbole,antithesis,synecdoche,euphemism and irony.In addition,learners’choice on objects of metaphor and per-objification was inappropriate.Although the learners’ rhetorical skills have generally improved comparing with before,there were still some aspects that can be improved in teaching,especially in course arrangement,teaching content design and rhetoric teaching and practice.Finally,I hope that the research on special rhetorical course for Pakistani advanced Chinese learners will draw attention of the academic community,stimulate enthusiasm of the academic community to develop special rhetoric teaching materials,and provide reference and value for future rhetoric teaching.