Diversity Research Of Intestinal Flora In Patients With Allergic Rhinitis

Objective:1.To study the characteristics of intestinal flora in patients with allergic rhinitis,and analyze the diversity and abundance of the flora.2.To explore the relationship between allergic rhinitis and changes in the composition of intestinal microflora.Methods:30 patients with allergic rhinitis who met the inclusion criteria and were hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology,Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital from September 2022 to December 2022 were selected as the experimental group(AR group),and 29 healthy individuals who were age matched and excluded from allergic rhinitis were selected as the control group(Control group).Recorded the names,gender,age,incidence,and other basic information of all study subjects,and collected fecal samples from the two groups of people according to the sample collection standards.High-throughput sequencing of the 16 S r RNA gene of gut flora in two samples using Illumina Mi Seq sequencing,and then analyzed their α and βdiversity.The LEf Se method was used to explore the significant differences between the microbial communities of the two sets of samples.The corresponding microbial metabolic pathways were predicted using PICRUst2 based on the COG,KO and KEGG database.Results:1.The α diversity of gut microbiota in AR group was reduced compared with Control group,but it was not statistically different.Neither was significant βdiversity in the gut microbiota between the two groups(P> 0.05).The dilution curves indicated the adequacy of the sequencing data.2.The gut flora abundance varied significantly between the two groups.There are significant differences in 2 phyla level: Verrucomicrobia,which is more abundant in the AR group,and Deferribacterium,which is more abundant in the Control group.There are significant differences in 26 genus level,among which the genera Megamonas,Akkermansia,an unclassified genus of Trichospires,and Eubacterium are among the top 30 in abundance and have significant differences between the two groups.Only Akkermansia,a mucophilic bacterium,had higher abundance in the AR group,while the rest of the bacteria had higher abundance in the Control group.3.LEfSe analysis suggested that the gut flora that played an important role in the control group were Clostridiales,Roseburia,Megamonas,Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacterales;the gut flora that played an important role in the AR group were Acidaminococcus,Akkermansia muciniphila,Ackermaniaceae,Verrucomicrobiales,Verrucomicrobiaceae and Verrucomicrobia.4.Using PICRUST2 to predict corresponding microbial metabolic pathways,enrichment analysis based on COG,KO,and KEGG databases showed that "short chain fatty acid transport" had higher activity in the Control group.The homologous genes level of primary bile acid biosynthesis,secondary bile acid biosynthesis and RNA degradation were at higher in AR patients,whereas the Control group contained higher levels of homologous genes of nitrotoluene degradation,beta-lactam resistance,flavonoids biosynthesis and propionate metabolism.pp Gpp biosynthesis,l-lysine fermentation to acetate and butyrate,degradation of tributyl derivatives,guanosine nucleotide degradation III,adenosine nucleotide degradation II,superpathways for Nacetylglucosamine,N-acetylmannosamine and N-acetylneuraminate degradation,purine nucleotide degradation II(aerobic)and pyruvate fermentation to acetone several pathways was activated in the Control group,whereas in the AR group,the activity of the pathways of glycolysis II(from fructose 6-phosphate)and glycolysis I(from glucose 6-phosphate)were increased.Conclusions:1.There was no significant difference in the composition and structure of gut flora between patients in AR group and those with normal physical examination,and there was a significant difference in species abundance between the two groups.In particular,Verrucomicrobia,Deferribacterium,Megamonas,Akkermansia,an unclassified genus of Trichospiriceae_unclassified,and Eubacterium.Among them,Akkermansia has an important impact in patients with AR group.2.The gut flora that play important roles in AR patients are Acidaminococcus,Akkermansia muciniphila,Ackermaniaceae,Verrucomicrobiales,Verrucomicrobiaceae and Verrucomicrobia.3.Analyzing the metabolic pathways corresponding to the intestinal microflora of patients in the AR group found that the activity of metabolic pathways such as short chain fatty acid transport and propionate metabolism decreased,while the activity of glycolysis II(from fructose 6-phosphate)and glycolysis I(from glucose 6-phosphate)increased.This analysis result can further investigate the mechanism of intestinal microorganisms affecting the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.