Development Of A Knowledge,Attitude And Practice Questionnaire For Physicians And Families Of Allergic Rhinitis In Children And Analysis Of The Survey Results

Research BackgroundAllergic rhinitis(AR)in children is a common allergic disease in children,and its incidence is increasing year by year.It is a chronic disease with major symptoms including nasal itching,nasal congestion,runny nose and sneezing,which can affect the growth,sleep quality and memory of children in severe cases,thus affecting their learning and quality of life.Studies have shown that AR in children causes a huge socioeconomic burden,including the burden of consumption of medical resources,the educational burden of children’s absence from school,and the economic burden of treatment expenses.In order to manage the symptoms of the disease,clinicians and families need to be knowledgeable about the prevention,treatment and management of the disease in order to better intervene and manage it.In practice,however,many physicians and families have varying levels of knowledge about AR in children.Some physicians may lack the knowledge,leading to biases in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.Some family members may lack the relevant knowledge,which can also affect the outcome and quality of life of the child.Therefore,understanding the knowledge,attitudes,and practices of physicians and families can provide better guidance for the treatment and management of children with AR,which in turn can improve the quality of life of the children.By conducting research in this area,we can help medical workers improve their knowledge and prevent potential problems,develop targeted training methods,and improve their ability to diagnose and treat children with AR and health education;at the same time,we can help the families of children with AR to improve their knowledge and establish correct concepts,so that both doctors and families can work together to improve the treatment effect of children with AR and make children with children with AR make correct behavior.This is very meaningful.Objective1.In this study,we designed and developed the "Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis Doctors of Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Questionnaire"(PAR-DKAPQ)and the "Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis Parents of Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Questionnaire"(PAR-PKAPQ).The reliability and validity of these questionnaires were tested and verified.2.By distributing these questionnaires,we investigated the current knowledge,attitude,and practice of physicians and family members concerning pediatric AR and analyzed potential influencing factors.Methods1.The results of the two rounds of expert consultation: the effective recall rate of the questionnaires of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100%.The authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.9875 and0.9875 for PAR-DKAPQ and 0.95 and 0.9875 for PAR-PKAPQ,respectively.indicating a high degree of expert consultation confidence.The degree of coordination of expert consultation in both rounds of both questionnaires was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the coordination of expert opinions was better.2.Using convenience sampling,109 pediatricians were surveyed using the general demographic information questionnaire and the "Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis Doctors of Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Questionnaire." A total of 201 family members of children with AR visiting the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were surveyed using the "Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis Parents of Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Questionnaire." Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 software.Descriptive statistics: count data were described using frequency and percentages.Inferential statistics: differences in KAP scores for pediatric AR among doctors and family members with different demographic characteristics were compared using t-tests and analysis of variance;influencing factors for KAP scores were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.3.Based on the scores of the respondents,the correlation of the scores of knowledge,attitude,and practice was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis.The total scores of knowledge and trustworthiness were divided into passing and failing groups,and the differences between the different classification groups were analyzed using chi-square test,and the differences in the one-way analysis were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05.The variables that were statistically significant in the univariate analysis were included in the dichotomous logistic regression to analyze the factors influencing the passing and non-passing groups.Result1.The results of the two rounds of expert consultation: the effective recall rate of the questionnaires of the two rounds of expert consultation was 100%.The authority coefficients of the two rounds of expert consultation were 0.9875 and0.9875 for PAR-DKAPQ and 0.95 and 0.9875 for PAR-PKAPQ,respectively.indicating a high degree of expert consultation confidence.The degree of coordination of expert consultation in both rounds of both questionnaires was statistically significant(P<0.05),and the coordination of expert opinions was better.2.Reliability and validity analysis results:(1)In terms of reliability,the Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of PAR-DKAPQ and PAR-PKAPQ were 0.936 and 0.921,respectively;the folded half reliability was0.689 and 0.650,respectively.(2)In terms of validity,(1)the content validity of the PAR-DKAPQ had I-CVI=0.8 to 1.0 and S-CVI=0.97,and the PAR-PKAPQ had I-CVI=0.8 to 1.0 and S-CVI=0.97,both scales had good content validity.(2)Convergent validity The AVE of attitude dimension in PAR-DKAPQ was 0.493,close to 0.5,CR was 0.896>0.7,AVE of practice dimension was 0.616>0.5,CR of combined reliability was0.945>0.7,convergent validity was good.AVE of knowledge dimension in PAR-PKAPQ was 0.518>0.5,CR 0.932>0.7 for the knowledge dimension,0.504>0.5 and 0.852>0.7 for the attitude dimension,and 0.537>0.5 and 0.920>0.7for the practice dimension,with high convergent validity.In PAR-DKAPQ,the root values of AVE for attitude and practice dimensions were 0.702 and 0.758,respectively,which were greater than the maximum value of the absolute value of the factor coefficient of 0.485,and had good discriminant validity.of 0.407,0.653,and 0.499,respectively,with good discriminant validity.3.110 copies of PAR-DKAPQ were distributed,108 valid questionnaires were returned,5 questionnaires that were not included in the criteria were deleted,and the valid questionnaire return rate was 93.6%;the total score of the three dimensions of knowledge attitude practice was 136.74±27.02,and the overall pass rate was75.73%;the results of the Spearman correlation analysis were used to show that between the knowledge attitude practice scores of physicians for children’s AR There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge scores and practice scores,and no correlation between knowledge scores and attitude scores,with r values of0.143,0.434,and 0.387,respectively(p < 0.01);the results of univariate analysis indicated that there was a difference in the pass rate of pediatric AR among general pediatricians with different years of work experience(p < 0.05).The results of the dichotomous logistic regression analysis suggested that physician gender and physician years of work were influential factors in the passing rate of children’s AR knowledge and beliefs(p < 0.05).There were 217 PAR-PKAPQs distributed and 201 valid questionnaires were returned,with a valid questionnaire return rate of 92.62%;the total score of the three dimensions of knowledge-attitude-practice(85.726±11.23),with an overall pass rate of 28.36%;the results of the Spearman correlation analysis were used to show that between the knowledge,attitude,and practice scores of the families for children’s AR,all three showed a positive correlation with each other The results of the Spearman correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations among the family members’ knowledge,attitude and practice towards children’s AR,with r values of 0.335,0.184 and 0.323,respectively(p <0.01);the results of the univariate analysis showed that there were differences between the family members’ education,family history of allergic diseases,family members’ presence or absence of allergen screening,children’s presence or absence of allergen screening,and average monthly household income on the children’s AR pass rate(p < 0.05).The results of dichotomous logistic regression analysis suggested that family education,family history of allergic diseases,and average monthly family income were factors influencing the passing rate of children’s AR knowledge and belief(p < 0.05).Conclusion1.The Knowledge and Belief Behavior Questionnaire for Physicians with Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis and the Knowledge and Belief Behavior Questionnaire for Families with Pediatric Allergic Rhinitis developed for this study had high reliability and validity.These questionnaires are suitable for assessing the status of physicians and families in terms of knowledge,attitude and behavior.2.The survey showed that most of the physicians had a moderate pass rate for AR in children,and the influencing factors were the gender of the physicians and the years of work of the physicians;most of the family members had a moderate pass rate for AR in children,and the influencing factors were the education of the family members,the family history of allergic diseases,whether the family members had performed allergen screening,whether the children had performed allergen screening,and the average monthly income of the family.By taking measures in these aspects,it is expected to improve the passing rate of AR knowledge and confidence among physicians and family members,to better control AR in children,and to reduce the adverse effects of AR on children.