Questionnaire Survey And Influencing Factors Of Temporomandibular Disorders Among Vocal Students

Objective:Currently,epidemiological data of temporomandibular disorders(TMD)have been reported in some literatures,in which a number of epidemiological investigations of TMD in different populations have been conducted worldwide.Due to the heterogeneity of the samples,there are contradictory results in those studies.The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence rate of TMD and related factors among vocal students at universities in Shanxi province.In this study,the prevalence rate of TMD among vocal students was investigated through questionnaire survey and the characteristics of TMD among vocal students were analyzed,so as to explore the relationship between gender,age,years of professional training,weekly practice hours,psychological condition and the prevalence rate of TMD among vocal students,and to provide clinical basis for the realization of early prevention and treatment of TMD.Methods:1.Before the survey,the participants were determined,and the questionnaire was designed at last.2.A pre-investigation is set up before the formal survey to verify the feasibility of the survey method and the credibility of the questionnaire.3.Random sampling was adopted to conduct an online questionnaire survey among vocal majors in four universities in Shanxi Province in 2021,during which all students were informed of the purpose of the survey to obtain their informed consent.The questionnaire mainly includes basic information of the survey subjects,gender,age,professional years,weekly practice hours,psychological health status,etc.The symptoms and severity of the temporomandibular disorders were assessed by the Fonseca anamnestic index(FAI)questionnaire.(FAI index>15 is TMD).The phq-4(patient health questionaire-4,phq-4)was filled out to evaluate their psychological condition.The suspected patients were interviewed remotely by professionals to rule out other diseases,and finally the diagnosis and severity classification were made.4.Based on the content and diagnosis of the questionnaire survey,the survey data were organized and statistically analyzed using SPSS26.0 software.The age,professional years,and weekly practice hours of the measurement data were compared between groups using independent sample t-tests;The comparison of inter group rates for gender and PHQ-4 total score counting data was conducted usingχ~2 test;Single factor analysis of variance was used to compare the mean between groups with different severity levels of TMD;Rank sum test is used for comparison of hierarchical data.Apply binary logistic regression analysis to analyze risk factors.P<0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.Results:1.In this survey,450 questionnaires were sent out,and 407 valid questionnaires were collected,with an effective rate of 90.44%(male 182,accounting for 44.7%;women 225,accounting for 55.3%).According to the diagnostic criteria,231 patients with TMD were selected,and the prevalence rate was 56.8%.2.The prevalence was 36.8%in males and 72.9%in females.The prevalence rate of female was higher than that of male,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The number of females,weekly practice hours,PHQ-4 score≥3 in the disease group were higher than those in the non-TMD group,and the age level was lower than those in the non-TMD group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).The years of professional training were not statistically significant between the two groups.3.Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted with whether vocal students suffer from TMD as the dependent variable,female,age,weekly practice hours and PHQ-4total score≥3 as the independent variables,showing that female,age,weekly practice hours and PHQ-4 total score≥3 were independent risk factors for TMD,with statistical significance(P<0.05).4.74.5%showed mild TMD(n=172);20.3%of patients with moderate TMD(n=47);Severe TMD was 5.2%(n=12).The most common symptom(answered"yes"or"occasionally")is a murmur or snap in the temporomandibular joint area.There were statistically significant differences in age and PHQ-4 score≥3 in patients with different severity(P<0.05).Gender,weekly practice hours and years of professional training had no statistical significance.Conclusion:1.The prevalence rate of TMD among the surveyed population is 56.8%,which is higher than the 30%-50%prevalence rate of TMD worldwide in 2023.This indicates that vocal students in Shanxi universities have weak awareness of TMD protection and need to be highly valued.2.Female,younger age,longer practice hours,and poor psychological condition were closely related to the incidence of TMD.Vocal students should master muscle endurance training,vocal and breathing techniques,reasonably relax their body and mind,relax muscles and joints,correctly intervene and control the risk factors of TMD,which is conducive to reducing the risk of disease.3.The FAI taking the severity of TMD symptoms into account can be used as a preventive tool to conduct longitudinal studies of participants to determine the progression of dysfunction and associated signs and symptoms,and to help understand trends in the study sample.