Research On Old Persons’ Health Literacy Status,influencing Factors,and Intervention Of Shenzhen City

Object:Population aging has become a public health problem facing the world due to declining mortality rates and increasing longevity and life expectancy.Although Shenzhen has been considered a typical youthful city,urban aging has been increasing in the past five years,with the highest growth rate reaching 22.82%.Improving the health literacy of the elderly is a vital strategy for coping with aging.To adapt to changes in the urban population structure and meet the diverse needs of the elderly for health services.The original health literacy survey data is no longer suitable for evaluating the actual situation among the elderly and assessing the needs for health services.To understand the elderly’health literacy in the community of Shenzhen in the cross-sectional survey,analyze the status,influencing factors,and the health needs,then explore the health literacy intervention model suitable for the elderly in the community.Method:Oder people aged 60 years and above in Shenzhen were used as the study population.Stage1,In August 2020,624 older people were selected as participants randomly by multi-stage stratification.The survey used the"National Residents’Health Literacy Surveillance Questionnaire",including health literacy,sociodemographic,health status,and life behavior.According to the survey results,a health education intervention quasi-experiment was designed based on the Precede-Proceed model.Stage2,Two communities with similar backgrounds were selected to recruit 100 older people as study subjects.One-month health education was conducted for the elderly in the intervention group using lectures and We Chat tweets.Before and after the experiment,the"National Residents’Health Literacy Monitoring Rapid Assessment Questionnaire"was used.The study added Internet use,satisfaction,and physical examination evaluation.The data were analyzed by SPSS 21.0 software.Numerical variables between different groups were compared using a t-test.Categorical variables were compared using theχ~2test,and a logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of health literacy.Results:1.The health literacy level of the elderly was 32.53%.The health knowledge,health behavior,and health skills were 46.63%,32.37%,and 35.90%,respectively.The scientific health concept,infectious disease prevention,chronic disease prevention,safety and first aid,basic medical care,and health information literacy were 53.04%,40.38%,36.06%,61.38%,34.78%and 49.68%.2.Household registration,age,educational level,and family income were the influencing factors of health literacy(p<0.05).3.Regular dental check-ups in the elderly were associated with health literacy(OR=1.75,p<0.05).4.The health literacy of the elderly aged 60-69 was 33.86%,70-79 was 29.00%,and the elderly aged≥80 was 18.18%.5.The difference in health literacy scores between the two groups was statistically significant(t=3.00,p<0.05).The difference in self-assessed health status was statistically significant(χ~2=4.77,p<0.05).Conclusion:1.The health literacy of the elderly in Shenzhen needed to be improved.2.Household registration,educational level,and family income were important factors affecting the health literacy level of the elderly.3.Elderly health literacy was related to oral hygiene.4.The elderly aged≥80 lacked health literacy ability.5.Health education based on the Precede-Proceed model may improve the health literacy of the elderly.