Correlation Among Empowering Leadership Behavior,Self-efficacy,Proactive Personality,and Elder Neglect Of Nursing Assistants In Nursing Homes

Objective1 To understand the current status and influencing factors of empowering leadership behavior,self-efficacy,proactive personality,and elder neglect of nursing assistants.2 To analyze the correlation between empowering leadership behavior,self-efficacy,proactive personality,and elder neglect of nursing assistants.3 To explore the specific pathways of empowering leadership behavior,self-efficacy,proactive personality,and elder neglect among nursing assistants.MethodIn this study,convenience sampling method was used to conduct a questionnaire survey on 449 caregivers who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in public,private or public pension institutions registered in Shandong province,Henan Province and Hebei Civil Affairs Bureau from July to September 2020.The study instruments included the General Information Questionnaire,Leadership Empowerment Behaviour Scale,General Self-Efficacy Scale,Proactive Personality Scale,and Elder Neglect Scale for Geriatric Nursing Assistants.SPSS21.0 software was used to conduct independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA,correlation analysis,and multiple stepwise regression analysis;the SPSS PROCESS program was applied to conduct path analysis of the model.Result1 The total score of empowering leadership behavior of nursing assistants was（47.83±7.54）;the total score of each dimension from highest to lowest was reinforcing the meaning of work（13.00±2.17）,trusting subordinates（12.45±1.95）,power appointment（11.53±2.58）,and encouraging participation in decision making（10.85±3.13）;the influencing factors included whether receiving pre-service training,age,qualification level,salary,working hours,and whether regular training was provided after joining the job.2 The total score of self-efficacy of nursing assistants was（28.73±5.95）;the influencing factors included whether they received pre-service training and their qualification level.3 The total score of proactive personality of nursing assistants was（40.01±4.71）;the influencing factors included whether they received pre-service training,education level,years of work,age,nature of employment,and household registration.4 The total score of elder neglect of nursing assistants was（72.89±8.79）;the total score of each dimension from highest to lowest was physical neglect（22.86±2.98）,medical neglect（22.53±2.52）,psychological neglect（16.36±3.23）,and economic neglect（11.15±3.08）;the influencing factors included empowering leadership behavior,self-efficacy,salary,whether they received regular training after joining the job regular training,and rest time.5 Pearson correlation analysis showed that empowering leadership behavior of nursing assistants was positively related to self-efficacy（r=0.418,P<0.01）;empowering leadership behavior was positively related to elder neglect（r=0.511,P<0.01）;self-efficacy was positively related to elder neglect（r=0.417,P<0.01）;empowering leadership behavior was positively related to proactive personality（r=0.379,P<0.01）;self-efficacy was positively related to proactive personality（r=0.187,P<0.01）;and proactive personality was positively related to elder neglect（r=0.336,P<0.01）.6 The total effect of empowering leadership behavior of nursing assistants on elder neglect was 0.511,the indirect effect was 0.123,and the direct effect was 0.388;the amount of self-efficacy mediating the effect of empowering leadership behavior and elder neglect was24.07%.7 The interaction terms of empowering leadership behavior and proactive personality positively predicted self-efficacy among nursing assistants（β=0.035,P<0.001）.Empowering leadership behavior positively and significantly predicted self-efficacy at low,medium and high levels of proactive personality in nursing assistants(β_low=0.145,β_medium=0.312,β_high=0.479,P<0.01);the Bootstrap 95%CI for the mediating effect of self-efficacy did not contain 0,with effect values of 0.052,0.111,and 0.170.Conclusion1 Nursing assistants had moderately high levels of empowering leadership behavior and proactive personality,moderate levels of self-efficacy,and low levels of elder neglect.3 The demographic characteristics of nursing assistants had a certain impact on empowering leadership behavior,self-efficacy,proactive personality,and elder neglect.3 The higher the level of empowering leadership behavior and self-efficacy of nursing assistants,the lower the level of elder neglect.4 Empowering leadership behavior of nursing assistants can directly affect elder neglect and indirectly affect elder neglect through self-efficacy.Self-efficacy of nursing assistants partially mediated the relationship between empowering leadership behavior and elder neglect.5 Proactive personality of nursing assistants moderated the first half of the mediation relationship of self-efficacy between leadership empowerment behavior and elder neglect.With the improvement of proactive personality level,the positive predictive effect of empowering leadership behavior on self-efficacy gradually increased,and the mediating effect of self-efficacy also increased.