Characteristics And Risk Factors Analysis Of Epilepsy In Hospitalized Females

Background:Epilepsy(EP)is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent,stereotyped neurological dysfunction.The quality of life of epilepsy patients is much lower than that of the general population due to the long course of disease,its repeated symptoms,and poor drug treatment effect.Although the incidence of epilepsy in women worldwide is slightly lower than that in men,due to various objective factors such as social discrimination and traditional beliefs,women with epilepsy are more likely to have anxiety,depression and other disorders,and the recurrence rate is higher than that of men.Especially for women of child-bearing period,due to factors such as hormone fluctuations and pregnancy,it is easy to induce the occurrence of status epilepticus and drug resistance,thus affecting the prognosi.However,in clinical practice,people often pay attention to the treatment effect and prognosis of epilepsy,but there are fewer studies on the characteristics of the population and the current status of treatment,and there are insufficient studies on female epilepsy patients of child-bearing period.Objective:This paper is to investigate the characteristics of female epilepsy cases,their common causes and the use of medicines;to explore the possible clinical differences between female epilepsy patients of child-bearing period and non-fertile period female patients with epilepsy;to summarize foreign clinical medication experience;to improve the clinical awareness of female epilepsy and provide more useful information for clinical epilepsy prevention and treatment;to expand ideas for optimizing the management and treatment of female epilepsy patients,and to realize reasonable diagnosis and treatment,early intervention,and improved prognosis as soon as possible.Materials and Methods:This paper adopts the retrospective study method,and selects female epilepsy patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University(Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital)from September 1,2019 to April 30,2021 as the research object.It records the past medical history,epileptic seizure pattern,EEG results,imaging results,etc.In the paper,seizure severity is assessed using the national hospital seizure severity scale(NHS3).According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria database,a total of 119 female inpatients with epilepsy are screened,and 6 female patients who do not meet the definition of epilepsy are excluded from the electronic records,and finally a total of 113 patients are selected.To facilitate data input and statistical analysis,categorical variables are assigned values.This paper uses Excel to enter relevant information,and uses IBM SPSS Statistics 26 to analyze and plot the data.K-S test is used to test the normality of measurement data.Continuous variables that conform to normal distribution are tested using t test,and the data are displayed in the form of mean ± standard deviation(x±s).Non-parametric tests are used for continuous variables with a non-normal distribution,and medians and quartiles are used to describe them.The chi-square test is used for two-way unordered categorical enumeration data and is described in the form of percentage(%)or composition ratio.The univariate analysis is performed using χ2 test,Mann-Whitney U test,etc.Results:1.Among hospitalized female epilepsy patients,65 cases(57.5%)have a clear etiology.Encephalitis-related epilepsy accounts for the largest proportion in the child-bearing period group,accounting for 31.75%.Epilepsy caused by cerebrovascular disease is more common in the non-fertile period group.2.In terms of epileptic seizure types,there are 75 cases of partial seizures,accounting for 66.4%.Among them,there are 50 cases(44.2%)of generalized seizures caused by partial seizures.Before the loss of consciousness,the patients often feel discomfort all over the body or one side of their limbs tremble,and then the disturbance of consciousness gradually appears,which lasts for a few minutes.There are 14 cases(12.4%)of simple partial seizures and 11 cases(9.7%)of complex partial seizures.There are no significant difference in the form of epileptic seizures between female epilepsy patients of child-bearing period and non-fertile period female patients with epilepsy(P>0.05).3.In 87 hospitalized female patients with epilepsy,the thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)ranges from 0.35 to 8.32 uIU/mL(The normal reference range is 0.27 to 4.2 uIU/mL.).The free triiodothyronine(FT3)range is 2.24-7.36 pmol/L(The normal reference range is 3.5-7.7 pmol/L.).The free thyroxine(FT4)range is 7.69-21.59 pmol/L(The normal value reference range 12-22 pmol/L.).Grouped by the type of anti-epileptic drugs(AEDs),the type of AEDs taken is significantly associated with low FT4.The incidence of low FT4 is 2.2%,25.0%and 42.9%in patients taking 1 AED,2 kinds of AEDs and 3 or more AEDs respectively.The types of AEDs have no significant effect on FT3 and TSH(P>0.05).4.The chi-square result shows that there are differences between the women with epilepsy of child-bearing period and the epilepsy population of non-fertile period with a previous history of hypertension and cerebrovascular disease(P<0.001).The majority of women with epilepsy of non-fertile period are women with diabetes comorbidities,and the difference is statistically significant(P=0.02).There is difference in the history of craniocerebral tumor between the two groups of female epilepsy patients(P=0.043).In addition,the severity of epileptic seizures in women of child-bearing period is higher than that of women in non-fertile period group(P<0.05)Conclusion:1.Hospitalized female epilepsy patients often have a clear etiology.Encephalitis is the most common cause in women of child-bearing period,and cerebrovascular disease is more common in women of non-fertile period.2.Using antiepileptic drugs to control seizures for hospitalized female epilepsy patients may cause changes in thyroid hormone levels,especially will lower FT4 levels and increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction.Thus,during treatment with antiepileptic drugs,regular review of thyroid function is necessary.