Study On Key Technologies Of Saffron(Crocus Sativus) Cultivation In Plant Factory

Crocus sativus is a perennial bulbous flower of the genus Crocus of Iridaceae,which has high edible,medicinal and economic value.Although China has introduced and cultivated saffron for more than 50 years,there have been long-term problems in the production of saffron,such as low propagation coefficient of corms,low yield of corms and stigmas,which seriously restricts the development of saffron industry.In response to this series of issues,this study utilizes the advantage of controllability of environmental factors in plant factories to conduct research on key technologies for saffron cultivation.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)The effects of six different light qualities on the flowering characteristics and physiological characteristics of saffron corms as the research objects.The results showed that red and blue light could increase the content of crocin-I and crocin-II in stigmas,of which R(Red)and R2B1(Red:Blue=2:1)were the most effective,while R1B1(Red:Blue=1:1)could increase the content of crocin;Red and blue light treatment had no significant effect on the soluble protein and starch content in the corm,while R2B1 treatment was not conducive to the accumulation of soluble sugar in the corm;20-25 g,25-30 g and 30-35 g corms bloom more under B(Blue),R2B1 and R1B1 light quality,and the quality and yield of stigmas are high,so the comprehensive effect is the best.(2)The effects of different temperature treatments on the flowering characters and physiological indexes of saffron were studied.The results showed that the treatment of 30℃/90 d-25℃/30 d(T1),30℃/60 d-25℃/60 d(T2),and 30℃/30 d-25℃/90 d(T3)had the effect of delaying the flowering period of saffron corms at the undifferentiated stage of flower buds,and the longer the duration of 30℃,the later the flowering period.Compared with the constant temperature of 25℃,T1 and T2 significantly reduced the number of flowering and the total yield of stigmas,while T3 significantly increased the average number of flowering and the total yield of stigmas;In addition,it was found that T3 treatment promoted the degradation of starch in corms during flower bud differentiation and flower development,increased the content of GA3,and was conducive to the differentiation and development of flower organs.To sum up,T3 treatment can control the flowering period of saffron effectively,and is conducive to improving the number of flowering corms and the yield of stigmas.(3)The effects of different cutting treatments on the growth and propagation coefficients of saffron were studied.The results showed that the cutting treatment had no obvious effect on the growth indexes of the leaves and roots of the corm.Erasing the lateral buds of corms can improve the quality of cormels and obtain more large size cormels,but the propagation coefficient is low.The number of cormels obtained by cutting the corms into 4 pieces is the largest and the total yield is high.Besides,the weight of a single cormel in the same specification is significantly higher than that of the control group.It can be seen that cutting into 4 pieces is more beneficial to improve the propagation rate and the quality of cormels than natural propagation.