Preliminary Study On The Biological Characteristics And Propagation Of Crocus Sativus L.Corms

Crocus sativus L.is a perennial herb of iris family.Its dry stigma is a famous Chinese medicine in China,often called saffron,which has the functions of activating blood circulation,relieving stasis,relieving depression,anti-oxidation,anti-cancer and anti-depression,especially for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Because its medicinal parts are only dry stigmas,the yield is very low.Saffron is triploid plant,which can only be propagated asexually through underground corm,and the yield is also greatly affected by environment and germplasm resources.Therefore,it is of great significance to optimize the germplasm resources,improve the planting environment and improve the yield of saffron.Therefore,the main purpose of this study is to study the biological characteristics of the ball of saffron,to explore the methods to improve the production and quality of the corm,and to cultivate new varieties of saffron by radiation breeding.This study is divided into four parts:（1）To explore the material composition of C.sativus corm,so as to provide theoretical support for solving the problems in the process of planting.（2）To explore the changes of the internal matter in the dormancy germination stage of the corm,so as to lay the foundation for the germination of the corm and to increase the yield of saffron.（3）The effects of ⁶⁰Co-γray on the growing and flowering of corm were studied,which provided experimental basis for the subsequent mutation breeding.（4）The growth index,photosynthesis and corm yield were measured by spraying choline chloride on the leaf surface.It was preliminarily understood whether choline chloride had the promoting effect on the growth of saffron corm and plant.The main results are as follows:（1）The dry matter content in the corm of saffron is about 32%;The contents of starch,soluble sugar,reducing sugar,crude fat and soluble protein were17.2 0mg·g^-1DW、12.88 mg·g^-1DW、19.11 mg·g^-1DW、11.95 mg·g^-1DW and 28.91 mg·g^-1FW,respectively.For corms of different sizes,the larger the corm weight,the higher the content of starch,soluble sugar and reducing sugar,the smaller the corm,the more soluble protein content,and the highest amylase activity in the corm weight of 10-15g.The main components of crude fat are fatty acids accounting for about 80%,among which the content of unsaturated fatty acids is about 60%and the content of saturated fatty acids is about 20%.（2）The starch content of corm decreased during germination,which was 52.53 mg·g^-1DW at dormant stage and 16.77 mg·g^-1DW at flowering stage.The content of reducing sugar,soluble sugar,soluble protein and the activities of total amylase,α-amylase andβ-amylase increased by 31.92%,27.47%,63.2%and 118.2%,respectively,compared with those in dormant period.（3）The effects of ⁶⁰Co-γradiation on the antioxidant enzyme system of the corm of Saffron safflower were serious,the flowering period was delayed,the petal shape and the number of stigma were changed.（4）Leaf spray of choline chloride plays an important role in the growth and development of saffron.Leaf spray of 300-400 mg/L can improve plant growth,increase photosynthesis and increase corm yield.