| "Piglet weaning stress syndrome" refers to the stress caused by the imperfection of piglets’ own intestinal flora,external environmental changes,pathogenic microbial invasion and many other factors during the weaning process.In farming,antibiotics are often chosen to intervene in such cases,but the excessive use of antibiotics can easily cause food safety problems.As the international community attaches greater importance to the use of antibiotics and the health and safety of livestock products,the development and application of alternative antibiotic products has become a major research hotspot in recent years.Tibetan medicine 15 black pills is composed of 15 kinds of pure natural mineral and plant medicine,less toxic side effects,can be used as an alternative to antibiotics.Fecal microbiotal transplantation(FMT)is widely used in weaning piglets to combat stress,but there are few studies on the effect of fecal supernatant on the intestinal flora of weaning Tibetan piglets.In this study,Tibetan piglets,a unique plateau pig breed in China,were divided into four groups: the control group(basic feed without any antibiotic addition)(Nor),the group with the addition of antibiotic lincomycin(Ant),the group with the addition of Tibetan medicine 15 flavors black pill(Tib)and the group with the addition of fecal bacteria supernatant(Fec).We investigated the effects of feeding fecal mushroom supernatant and Tibetan medicine 15 black pills on weaning stress of piglets in four aspects,and provided new references and ideas for the development and utilization of alternative antibiotic products.(1)In this experiment,30-day-old weaned Tibetan piglets were used as the test material to measure the growth performance indexes,and it was found that the Ant,Tib and Fec groups reduced the feed-to-weight ratio(F/G)and increased the average daily gain(ADG)significantly(P < 0.01)compared with the Nor group.In contrast,the Ant and Tib groups significantly(P < 0.01)reduced the feed to weight ratio(F/G)and significantly(P < 0.01)increased the average daily gain(ADG)of piglets compared to the Fec group.It proved that although the Fec group improved the growth performance,its effect was different from that of the Ant and Tib groups.(2)In this experiment,the blood physiological indexes of the four groups of Tibetan piglets at 21 and 42 d were analyzed,and the test results showed that the number of leukocytes,hemoglobin and red blood cells in the Nor group was significantly(P < 0.05)lower than the other three groups at 21 d.It is presumed that the Ant,Tib and Fec groups increased the number of leukocytes,hemoglobin and red blood cells in the blood and thus increased the immune capacity of weaned Tibetan piglets.The physiological indexes converged to the same level at 42 d.The physiological indexes tended to be stable at 42 d.There was no significant difference between the groups.(3)The 16 S rRNA study of the intestinal microorganisms in the Ant,Tib and Fec groups showed that the Fec group had more OTUs than the Ant,Tib and Nor groups.(P < 0.05);the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms such as Treponema pallidum＿NK4A214 and Methanobacterium shortum was significantly higher at 42 d(P < 0.05);the relative abundance of Prevotella and Dictyostelium parapsilosis was significantly higher in the Tib group(P < 0.05),and the relative abundance of selected Aeromonas spp.was significantly higher at 42 d(P < 0.05);the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp.was significantly higher in the Fec group at 21 d(P < 0.05)and at 42 d(P < 0.05).The relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp.was higher in the Fec group at 21 d and 42 d than in the other three groups(P < 0.05).(4)Metabolomics techniques were used to study the Nor,Ant,Tib,and Fec groups,and it was found that the Fec group significantly increased the production of beneficial metabolites such as 3-hydroxy-o-aminobenzoic acid,and the tryptophan metabolic pathway was found to be significantly higher in the Tib and Fec groups compared with the Nor group by differential metabolic pathway analysis(P < 0.05),and it was hypothesized that the tryptophan pathway was increased by the addition of the Tibetan medicine 15 black pills and fecal bacteria It was hypothesized that the addition of the Tibetan medicine15 black pills and fecal bacterium supernatant increased the tryptophan pathway and thus increased the growth performance of weaned Tibetan piglets.In conclusion,the results of the experiment showed that the growth performance of weaned Tibetan piglets could be increased by adding fecal bacteria supernatant and Tibetan Medicine 15 Black Pill to the feed,and the growth performance of weaned Tibetan piglets was better with the addition of Tibetan Medicine 15 Black Pill than with the addition of fecal bacteria supernatant.The addition of fecal bacteria supernatant and Tibetan medicine 15 black pills also affected the composition and function of the intestinal microbial community,which in turn affected the microbial metabolites and pathways,which may be the reason for the differences in growth and development of weaned Tibetan piglets;this study provides a new idea for the use of anti-stress in weaned Tibetan piglets and a new idea for the development of alternative antibiotic products. |
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