Study On Hematology,Bone Mineral Density And Imaging Of Ceratophrys Cranwelli

C.cranwelli has become one of the most common pet frogs in the world.It is important to obtain the normal clinical data of C.cranwelli for disease diagnosis and health evaluation.However,the above data have not been reported yet.In this study,30 captive adult C.cranwelli were studied and analyzed in terms of hematology,bone mineral density and imaging,aiming to provide basic data reference for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases,the breeding and health assessment of wild populations of C.cranwelli.（1）Unlike mammals,amphibians are nucleated red blood cells.The automatic blood cell analyzer commonly used in clinical practice cannot be used for the detection of nucleated red blood cells.Therefore,in this study,the manual method was used to count and measure 14 routine blood indicators.The results were as follows:red blood cell count（RBCs）was 0.85±0.13×10¹²/L,white blood cell count was（WBCs）6.72±1.89×10⁹/L,platelet count（Thrombocyte）was 31.67±8.79×10⁹/L,hematocrit（HCT）was 33.01±4.95%,hemoglobin（HGB）was 125.79±44.12 g/L,The mean corpuscular volume（MCV）was 395.88±81.20 f L,the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration（MCHC）was378.91±113.46 g/d L,the mean corpuscular hemoglobin（MCH）was 1507.69±585.39 pg.And the percentages of neutrophils,lymphocytes,eosinophils,basophils,monocytes,and neutrophils:lymphocytes（N:L）were 8.62±3.32%,71.33±6.81%,8.15±3.42%,9.41±3.24%,2.46±1.12%,and 9.41±3.24%,respectively.Among them,the RBCs,WBCs,Lymphocyte%and Monocyte%of female C.cranwelli were higher than those of male C.cranwelli.The HCT,HGB,MCV,MCHC,MCH,Thrombocyte,Neutrophil%,Eosinophil%,Basophil%and N:L values of the male C.cranwelli were higher than those of the female C.cranwelli（P>0.05）.However,the above differences were not significant（P>0.05）.There were 9 morphological parameters of red blood cells.And the results were as follows:RBC length（L）was 18.36±1.19μm,nucleus length（NL）was 5.85±0.56μm,RBC width（W）was 11.09±0.81μm,nucleus width（NW）was 4.02±0.37μm,RBC length-width ratio（L:W）was 1.66±0.15,nucleus length-width ratio（NL:NW）was 1.47±0.21,the size of RBC（S）was 159.58±17.22μm²,the size of nucleus（NS）was 18.45±2.33μm²,and the size ratio（NS:S）was 0.117±0.016.Among them,L,S,NL,NS,L:W,NL:NW and NS:S of the males were slightly larger than those of the females,and W and NW of the females were slightly larger than those of the males.And the above differences were not significant（P>0.05）.（2）In this study,automatic plasma biochemical analyzer were used to detect 17indicators of C.cranwelli.The results were as follows:alanine aminotransferase（ALT）was7.13±4.51 U/L,alkaline phosphatase（ALP）was 136.80±42.42 U/L,aspartate aminotransferase（AST）was 76.87±27.36 U/L,bile acid（BA）was 0.89±1.10μmol/L,creatine kinase（CK）was 604.70±410.91 U/L,Uric acid（UA）was 1.24±0.42 mg/d L,blood glucose（GLU）was 68.57±11.82 mg/d L,UREA（UREA）was 19.44±6.74 mmol/L,creatinine（CREA）was 162.23±17.25μmol/L,calcium（Ca）was 9.44±1.06 mg/d L,and phosphorus（Phos）was 4.77±0.61 mg/d L,Calcium and phosphate ratio（Ca:P）was 1.99±0.18,total protein（TP）was 3.61±0.47 g/d L,albumin（ALB）was 0.78±0.17 g/d L,globulin（GLOB）was 2.82±0.31 g/d L,potassium（K）was 2.66±0.73 mmol/L and sodium（Na）was108.73±2.72 mmol/L.Among them,the ALT,ALP,AST,CK,UA and K of the male C.cranwelli were higher than those of the female,while GLU,TP,ALB,GLOB and Na were lower than those of the female without significant difference（P>0.05）.BA,Ca and Phos had significant gender differences（P<0.05）.Plasma Ca and Phos of female C.cranwelli were significantly higher than those of male,while BA was lower than that of male C.cranwelli.Although the plasma calcium and phosphate contents of male and female were different,there was no significant difference in Ca:P between them（P>0.05）.（3）In this study,dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry（DXA）was used to measure bone mineral density and body composition.The results were as follows:bone density（BMD）was 0.112±0.008 g/cm²,Bone area was 29.21±3.52 cm²,Bone volume was 1.98±0.31cm³,bone mineral content（BMC）was 3.27±0.50 g,the proportion of BMC（BMC%）was3.01±0.31%,The Total mass was 109.95±20.55 g,Fat was 27.69±4.71 g,Lean was78.98±16.67 g,Fat%was 25.40±2.69%,Lean%was 71.59±2.80%,and Fat in tissue was 26.19±2.80%.Among them,the BMC and BMD of female C.cranwelli were lower than those of male（P>0.05）.Although the BMC of male and female was different,the proportions are the same.The Bone area and Bone volume of female C.cranwelli were higher than those of male,and only Bone area showed significant difference（P<0.05）.Bone area and Bone volume had significant linear relationships with body length（P<0.05）.The content and proportion of Fat and Lean,Fat in tissue in females were higher than those in males,the difference was not significant（P>0.05）.（4）In this study,ultrasound and computed tomography（CT）were used to scan body cavity organs of C.cranwelli.The echoes of various organs were obtained by ultrasound,and the liver thickness,fat pad thickness,gall bladder,spleen,kidney size and some ventricular parameters were measured.The results showed that the high-frequency ultrasound probe（8 MHz～24 MHz）could clearly distinguish the structure of each organ.The organ echoes in the body cavity were fat pad,liver,kidney,spleen,testis and ovary in descending order.The liver thickness was 15.18±1.76 mm,the fat pad thickness was3.92±0.12 mm,the gallbladder size was（10.21±1.70）×（8.58±1.16）mm,the spleen size was（5.99±0.64）×（3.63±0.36）mm,the kidney size was（26.49±2.82）×（6.05±1.08）mm,the ventricular end diastolic transverse diameter was 9.22±1.01 mm,the ventricular end diastolic longitudinal diameter was 10.49±1.31 mm,the ventricular end systolic transverse diameter was 7.28±1.09 mm,and the ventricular end systolic longitudinal diameter was9.45±1.71 mm,the ventricular end diastolic volume（VEDV）was 0.16±0.09 m L,the ventricular end systolic volume（VESV）was 0.034±0.03 m L,the ejection fraction（EF）was 80.38±11.19%,and the stroke volume（SV）was 0.13±0.07 m L.The distribution of each organ in the body cavity was obtained by CT,and the CT values of some organs were measured.The results were as follows:CT values of each organ were muscle,liver,heart,kidney and fat pad in descending order,muscle was 47.83±7.46 HU,liver was 43.27±6.59HU,heart was 43.07±10.28 HU,kidney was 39.83±6.10 HU,and fat pad was-120.53±6.98 HU.Among them,the sizes of spleen,kidney,gall bladder and heart were significantly different between males and females（P<0.05）,and they had a very significant linear positive correlation with body length（P<0.01）.There was a linear positive correlation,but not significant,between liver thickness and body length（P>0.05）.There was no linear correlation between fat pad and body length（P>0.05）.VEDV,VEDV and SV had very significant linear positive correlation with body length（P<0.01）,while EF had no linear correlation with body length（P>0.05）.There was no significant gender difference in CT values of different organs（P>0.05）.In this study,the blood,bone mineral density and imaging information of captive C.cranwelli were discussed.The obtained data are helpful for the diagnosis,treatment and management of sick individuals,and provide basic reference for the health assessment of C.cranwelli population.