| Tannin is a natural phenolic compound that widely exists in nature and can be extracted from the fruits,bark,leaves,flowers and other parts of most plants.It has good anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties,enhances immune function,and also has anti-parasitic activity.However,tannins from different sources have differences in their structures and functions.In order to explore the effects and differences of tannins from different natural plant sources on broilers,we combined four natural plant tannin extracts,including AT(Acacia mearnsii tannin),CT(Castanea sativa tannin),QT(Schinopsis lorenzii tannin)and TT(Caesalpinia spinosawere tannin)added to the diet of broiler chickens for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on broiler growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immune performance and intestinal microbiota,and the tannin with the best performance was selected to study its anti-coccidiosis effect.The results showed that the addition of four tannins could increase the production of T-AOC,GSH-Px,SOD and CAT in broiler serum,and reduce the production of MDA(p < 0.01),but the antioxidant effect of AT was lower than that of the other three groups(p < 0.01).All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10(p < 0.01).CT,QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α(p < 0.01),while AT and CT increased the levels of IL-2 in serum(p < 0.01).Supplementation with four tannins into diet also increased the level of Ig G,Ig M,Ig A and s Ig A in broiler serum(p < 0.01)and the level of ZO-1,Claudin-1 and Occludin in jejunum(p < 0.01).Compared with the control group,CT,QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides in broiler gut,while AT showed the opposite result(p > 0.05).In addition,each tannin has its unique influence on the gut microbes of broilers,and most of the genera with significant differences are related to the production of short-chain fatty acids,antifungal and anti-inflammatory.Through comparative experiments,we found that Castanea sativa tannin(CT)had the best performance,so we further tested and evaluated its anticoccidial effect.The results showed that the addition of CT to the diet can alleviate the damage caused by coccidia infection to broilers,mainly in reducing cecal lesions and reducing the number of oocysts in feces,but the effect of CT is not as good as that of dinitrate.In addition,CT was also able to maintain the growth performance of broilers after coccidia infection,and this effect was not different from that of dinitramide.In summary,the effect of tannins on broilers is closely related to the source of tannin.The effects of AT and CT on promoting the growth of broilers were better than those of other tannins,among which CT has the best immune enhancing and antioxidative properties,while QT and TT were better on broiler intestinal immunity.CT is the tannin with the best comprehensive performance among the four tannins.It has the effect of anticoccidial and can reduce the damage caused by coccidioides to broilers,but the effect is not as good as that of dinitramide. |
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