| Along with the vigorous development of the Communist Party of China and the national cause,the construction of ecological civilization and ecological environmental protection in China has experienced a glorious course,made brilliant achievements and accumulated rich experience.In the construction of ecological civilization,collective forests play a vital role,however,there are long-standing problems of low productivity level of forest land and generally low enthusiasm of collective forest management among farmers and other business entities in collective forest areas.With the advancement of urbanization,a large amount of rural labor flows from the agricultural sector to the off-agricultural sector with higher marginal product value,and the proportion of farm households involved in off-agricultural employment continues to increase,and the diversification of income and part-time labor brought by nonagricultural employment is gradually becoming an important factor affecting the allocation of resources by farm households in the field of agricultural and forestry production.After the collective forestry reform,the demand of foresters for science and technology has risen sharply,and the supporting and leading role of science and technology for future forestry development is becoming more and more significant.Whether off-farm employment and forestry science and technology services affect forestry production efficiency,and what role forestry science and technology services play in the process of off-farm employment affecting forestry production efficiency,are important questions worth studying.Based on the theory of farmers’ behavior,the theory of urban-rural dual structure,the theory of new economics of labor mobility and the theory of institutional change,this paper constructs the influence mechanism of nonfarm employment and forestry science and technology services on forestry production efficiency,and enriches the relevant research on nonfarm employment and forestry science and technology services.Secondly,using field research data from Hunan Province and Fujian Province,we analyze the current situation of nonfarm employment and forestry science and technology service adoption among sample farmers,statistically analyze the basic personal characteristics,forestry operation characteristics and policy participation characteristics of farmers,and compare and analyze the impact of nonfarm employment on farmers’ forestland inputs and outputs.Then,we used data from a survey of farm households in collective forest areas in Hunan Province and Fujian Province to measure farm households’ forestry production efficiency using data envelopment analysis(DEA);analyzed the effects of off-farm employment and forestry science and technology services on farm households’ forestry production efficiency using Tobit model;and tested the moderating effect of forestry science and technology services between off-farm employment and farm households’ forestry production efficiency using hierarchical regression methods.The main findings are as follows:(1)There are significant differences in forest land input,output and household forestry production efficiency between farmers with off-farm employment and those without off-farm employment.(2)The degree of off-farm employment of household labor has a significant negative effect on forestry production efficiency,the number of off-farm employment of rural labor increases,there is a serious shortage of effective labor,and the decline in the quantity and quality of labor has a negative impact on forestry production.(3)Foresters receiving forestry science and technology services have a significant positive impact on forestry production efficiency,and forestry science and technology services have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between off-farm employment and forestry production efficiency.(4)Farmers’ personal characteristics,forestry management characteristics and policy participation characteristics affect the forestry production efficiency of farm households to a certain extent.Combined with the research findings,the following recommendations are made: innovate the mechanism of forest land transfer,encourage farmers to transfer the forest land that has been poorly managed due to off-farm employment in an appropriate manner;improve the forestry science and technology service system,accelerate the construction of forestry seed science and technology projects,and form various technology integration demonstrations.Improve the supply capacity of forestry science and technology services,strengthen the promotion and application of advanced practical technologies,and set up forestry science and technology service points in village committees to provide diversified and specialized as well as more targeted science and technology services.Strengthen the training of farmers,promote the professionalization process of farmers,Change the concept of management,the development of forest farming,forest products collection and processing and forest tourism;Support forestry joint-family operation,encourage farmers to carry out joint-family operation;set up professional forestry cooperatives to achieve scale benefits;optimize forestry financial services,promote "forest rights mortgage + forest rights storage + forest insurance ","forest rights + inclusive finance" and other loan models. |
