Effects Of Rice-Mushroom Model On Soil Fertility And Rice Growth

The rice-mushroom planting pattern can be formed through reasonable stubble connection between rice and Stropharia rugosoannulata,which can not only promote the efficient utilization of straw,but also help farmers to increase production and income.Therefore,it will be one of the important ways to realize the sustainable development of paddy fields to cultivate the Stropharia rugosoannulata in the idle winter field.In order to deeply understand the effects of the rice-mushroom mode on soil fertility and rice growth,the experiment of therice-mushroom ecological cycle agriculture model was carried out in Jianghan Plain（Wuhan）,and the amount of different strains and the formula of base material were studied,in order to provide scientific basis for promoting the rice-mushroom rotation mode and realizing sustainable agricultural development.In the experiment of the rice-mushroom mode in this work,two treatments were set up,namely,the rice-winter idle field mode was used in CK treatment,and the rice-Stropharia rugosoannulata cover mode was used in the T1 treatment.Five experimental treatments were set up in the field plot experiment with different strain quantities and base material formulas,that is,CK treatment was the control in the free winter field,D1treatment was 3000 kg·hm^-2 strain quantity+100%straw base material,D2 treatment was 3000 kg·hm^-2 strain quantity+75%straw and 25%corn cob base material.For D3treatment,4,500 kg·hm^-2 strain quantity+100%straw base material,and for D4treatment,4,500 kg·hm^-2 strain quantity+75%straw and 25%corn cob base material.The results of this study show that:The rice-mushroom model can increase soil organic matter content,improve soil p H,enhance soil nutrients,promote the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice plants,and improve rice yield.After two consecutive years of cultivation,organic matter content increased by 16.29%,soil p H increased by 0.41 units,total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents increased by 8.39%,3.73%,1.81%,20.00%,19.06%and 24.14%,respectively,compared with rice-idle mode.Soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus contents increased by 91.64%,184.96%and 74.35%,respectively.Under the rice-mushroom model,the nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium uptake of rice plants increased by 25.15%,43.92%and 39.43%（2021）and 26.94%,28.39%and 15.96%（2022）,respectively.The plant height and effective panicle number of rice were significantly increased.Rice yield in 2021 and 2022 increased by 15.38%and 27.19%compared with rice-idle mode.Among the treatments,3000 kg·hm^-2 strain quantity and75%straw with 25%corn cob were the most effective in improving soil fertility and promoting nutrient uptake in rice.Under this treatment,the content of soil organic matter was 19.13 g·kg^-1,the contents of total nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were1.45,1.03 and 23.07 g·kg^-1,and the contents of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 108.93,42.80,154.35 mg·kg^-1,respectively.The contents of soil microbial biomass carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus were 214.89,27.73 and 9.61mg·kg^-1,respectively.The ratios of MBC:MBN,MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP were 7.77,22.81 and 2.93,respectively.The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorbed by rice plants were 250.74,32.78 and 363.05 g·hm^-2,respectively.The results showed that the contents of soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly positively correlated with the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,among which soil total nitrogen（F=5.9,P=0.004）had the greatest impact on soil microbial biomass.In each treatment,when the strain dosage was 3000 kg·hm^-2 and the base material was 75%straw and 25%corn cob,the yield of the mushroom was higher,reaching30.16×103 kg·hm^-2.The highest rice yield was 8329.80 kg·hm^-2 under this treatment.Combined with ecological and economic benefits,the improvement effect of different treatments on soil fertility and yield in rice-mushroom model were comprehensively considered.Therefore,rice-mushroom with 3000 kg·hm^-2+75%straw with 25%corn cob as the base material is worth popularizing in Jianghan Plain.This study can provide scientific basis and theoretical guidance for the development of rice-mushroom model.