Effects Of Returning The Mushroom Residue To The Field In Rice-mushroom Rotation On Soil Nutrient,Rice Yield And Quality

Rice is an important ration crop in my country.About 250 million tons of straw are produced each year in the process of rice production.The simple and efficient consumption of straw in rice fields has always been a concern of scientists.The rice mushroom rotation can use the idle land and temperature and light resources in autumn and winter and early spring to decompose the straw with the Stropharia rugosoannulata.It is of great significance for the treatment of rice field straw and reducing the environmental impact caused by straw burning.In addition,the return of fungus residue to the field can also provide nutrients for rice and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.Therefore,the rotation of rice mushrooms is conducive to promoting the sustainable development of agriculture,which is of great ecological and economic significance.At present,most of the research on the return of mushroom residues to the field is concentrated return of factoryization mushroom residues to the field,and the research on rice mushroom rotation is mostly focused on the promotion of technology.There are few studies on the effects of returning mushroom residues to soil and rice in rice mushroom rotation.Therefore,In order to find out the effect of returning the fungus residues to the field after planting a season of Stropharia rugosoannulata.Return of mushroom residues to fields in the rice mushroom rotation on the growth and development,yield and rice quality of the soil and rice.In this study,a field experiment was conducted in Lijiayuan Village,Chengguan Town,Nanzhang County,Xiangyang City,Hubei Province.19xiang was selected as the test variety,and Rice-Mushroom rotation(RM)and Winter fallow fields(WF)were selected.The two fields are adjacent to each other to ensure that the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are the same.Farmer’s fertilizer under transplanting(FP),50%Reduce fertilizer(Reduce fertilizer in half,referred to as(RH)and no fertilization(CK)Three treatments with 4 repetitions.The effects of returning mushroom residues to the field on soil physicochemical properties,rice growth and yield,and rice quality were studied.1.After the fungus residue was returned to the field,the soil bulk density was significantly reduced,and the soil alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased.The content of soil available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the rice growing season after the mushroom residue was returned to the field was higher than that in the winter idle field.Nitrogen plays a significant role in the middle and late stages of rice growth,and phosphorus and potassium play a significant role in the early and middle stages of rice growth.The specific performance is that after the fungus residue is returned to the field,the soil bulk density decreases by 0.11 g/cm~3,the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen increases by 16.29%,and the available phosphorus increases by 78.37%.In the rice growing season,the soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the rice mature stage was significantly higher than that in the winter idle field without fertilization treatment.Soil available phosphorus in rice and mushroom fields was significantly higher than that in winter idle fields under the same fertilization treatment at tillering and jointing stages.Soil available potassium was significantly higher in rice and mushroom fields than in winter idle fields under the same fertilization treatments at the jointing and heading stages of rice.2.The return of the mushroom residue to the field promoted the growth of rice in the middle and late stages,and delayed the senescence of the leaves.There was no significant difference in the rice yield between the treatments that lost 50%of the fertilizer after the mushroom residue was returned to the field and the fertilization treatment used by farmers in the rice mushroom field.The leaf area index of rice at the full heading stage was significantly higher than that in the rice mushroom field without fertilization and farmers’habitual fertilization treatment than in winter idle fields.Under the treatments of no fertilization,50%weight loss,and farmers’habit of fertilizing,the leaf area index of rice mushroom fields increased by 22.04%,1.05%,and 14.63%,respectively,compared with winter idle fields.The SPAD value of rice in the mature stage and under the same fertilization treatment,the rice mushroom field was significantly higher than the winter idle field;Under the treatment of losing fertilizer by 50%,the seed setting rate and actual yield of rice in the rice mushroom field were significantly higher than those in the winter idle field.Rice and mushroom fields are 3.12%and 9.47%higher than those of winter idle fields,respectively.There is no significant difference in rice yield between the treatment of losing 50%of the fertilizer after the mushroom residue is returned to the field and the habitual fertilization treatment of farmers in the winter idle field.Moreover,the rice yield increased by 3.87%compared with the conventional fertilization treatment of farmers in idle fields in winter.3.Returning the fungus residue to the field to lose fertilizer by 50%significantly increased the rice milling rate and improved the taste and eating quality of the rice.The specific performance is that the rice milling rate in the rice mushroom field under the treatment of losing weight by 50%is significantly higher than that in the winter idle field,which is 3.34%,and the taste and eating quality are higher than those in the winter idle field.To sum up,the return of mushroom residues to the field in rice mushroom rotation increases soil nutrients and air permeability,promotes the growth of rice,increases the yield of rice,and improves the quality of rice;The treatment of 50%fertilizer loss in the rice mushroom field reduces the use of fertilizers,but does not affect the rice yield,and relatively improves the taste value and rice polishing rate of the rice.From the perspective of economic and practical production,it is possible to choose the rice planting season in the rice mushroom rotation,reduce fertilizer input by 50%.