Study On Effects Of Fermented Garlic Straw On Environment Of Apple Replanted Soil And Replanting Plants

Plant straws can reduce the harm of pathogens and alleviate the obstacles of apple replant disease.However,some straws applied directly into the soil have problems such as poor effect and slow decomposition speed.In this study,garlic straw was fermented,the antibacterial effect of fermented garlic straw was studied,and the volatile components of fermented garlic straw were determined.Further,fermented garlic straw were applied into apple replanted soil to explore its effects on apple replanted soil environment and replanting plants under potted and field cultivation conditions.Four treatments were set up in the experiment,namely replanted soil control(CK1),bromomethane-fumigated replanted soil(CK2),3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1),5% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T2).The main research results are as follows:1.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of replanted disease on the growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings,and significantly improve the biomass indexes of seedlings.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the plant height,ground diameter,fresh weight and dry weight of 3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1)increased by 31.9%,41.1%,67.1% and 68.7%,respectively.2.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil promoted the root growth of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the root architecture changed significantly under 3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1),and the root length,root area,root volume and root tip number increased by 144.6%,116.4%,115.8% and 174.1%,respectively.The activities of SOD,CAT and POD in root protective enzymes of Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedlings were increased,while the content of MDA was decreased.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the activities of SOD,CAT and POD were increased by 42.0%,68.9% and 62.7%,respectively,and the content of MDA was decreased by50.0%.3.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil can significantly increase soil nutrients.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the contents of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter increased by 31.8%,71.6%,36.5%,54.8% and 33.8%,respectively,under the treatment of 3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1).4.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil can significantly improve the activities of main soil enzymes.The activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase in soil increased with different amounts of fermented garlic straw.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the activities of urease,sucrase,phosphatase and catalase were increased by 75.0%,114.8%,57.7% and 16.7%,respectively.5.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil can effectively reduce the content of phenolic acids.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),all treatments could effectively reduce the contents of benzoic acid,phlorizin,phloretin and cinnamic acid in replanted soil.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),the contents of benzoic acid,phlorizin,phloretin and cinnamic acid in 3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1)were reduced by 15.9%,26.3%,29.1% and 41.1%,respectively.6.The application of fermented garlic straw in replanted soil can significantly increase the number of culturable bacteria in soil,reduce the number of culturable fungi,and optimize the soil microbial environment.After applying fermented garlic straw,the gene copy number of Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme all decreased to varying degrees.Compared with replanted soil(CK1),The gene copy number of Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium proliferatum,Fusarium solani and Fusarium moniliforme of3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1)decreased by 66.1%,82.7%,46.5% and 58.8%,respectively.The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the application of 3% treatment of replanted soil with fermented garlic straw(T1)could significantly reduce the relative abundance of Fusarium and Sapropius in replanted soil,and change the microbial community structure in replanted soil.7.Field test results showed that applying fermented garlic straw in replanted soil was beneficial to the healthy growth of apple trees.Compared with CK,the fermentation product(T)of 3% garlic straw in Qixia test site increased by 30.3% in plant height and 48.4% in ground diameter.Compared with replanted soil(CK),the plant height and ground diameter of 3%fermented garlic straw in Penglai test site increased by 39.2% and 39.5%.At the same time,the number of culturable bacteria increased significantly and the number of culturable fungi decreased after the application of fermented garlic straw.The activities of sucrase,urease,phosphatase and catalase in soil were significantly increased.